The Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSSI) Gene in the Rosaceae: Multiple Loci and Phylogenetic Utility

Evans, Rodger C.; Alice, Lawrence A.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Dickinson, Timothy A.

doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0828

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is a member of the monophyletic Maloideae, with an ancient origin by auto-or allo-polyploidization (Grant 1971;Morgan et al 1994;Evans et al 2000). Malus ×domestica has two 5S rDNA sites (Schuster et al 1997); at least four 5S rDNA sites could be expected if this species was polyploid in origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Trends in site-number change of rDNA loci during polyploid evolution in Sanguisorba (Rosaceae)

Mishima

Ohmido²,

Fukui

et al. 2002

Chromosoma

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To elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of rDNA site number in polyploid plants, we determined 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sites for ten species of Sanguisorba (2n=14, 28, 56) and a single species of each of three outgroup genera, Agrimonia (2n=28), Rosa (2n=14), and Rubus (2n=14) by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. We also estimated phylogenetic relationships among these species using matK chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of rDNA site number based on the maximum parsimony method. The 2n=14 and 2n=28 plants of all genera except Rosa carried two 5S rDNA sites, whereas Rosa and 2n=56 plants carried four sites. The 2n=14 plants had two 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sites, whereas Sanguisorba annua and 2n=28 plants had four or six sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that polyploidization from 2n=14 to 2n=28 has occurred once or three times in Sanguisorba and Agrimonia. The 5S rDNA sites duplicated during each ancestral polyploidization were evidently lost after each polyploidization. However, the duplicated 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sites were all conserved after each polyploidization. Thus, the duplicated 5S rDNA sites tend to have been eliminated, whereas those of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA tend to have been conserved in Sanguisorba. In the most parsimonious hypothesis, 2n=14 in S. annua is a secondary, putatively dysploid state, reduced from 2n=28.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Trends in site-number change of rDNA loci during polyploid evolution in Sanguisorba (Rosaceae)

Mishima

Ohmido²,

Fukui

et al. 2002

Chromosoma

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“…In maize and rice (Olsen and Purugganan 2002), this gene has an internal structure fragmented in 13 exons and 12 introns. Later, other Wx genes from different species such as pea (Dry et al 1992), barley (Rohde et al 1988) and potato (Visser et al 1989) were obtained, in all cases as a single-copy gene (Mason-Gamer et al 1998), with exception of the Rosaceae where the gene appears duplicated (Evans et al 2000).…”

Section: Structure Of the Wx Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat waxy proteins: polymorphism, molecular characterization and effects on starch properties

Guzmán

Álvarez

2015

Theor Appl Genet

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The starch fraction, comprising about 70% of the total dry matter in the wheat grain, can greatly affect the end-use quality of products made from wheat kernels, especially Asian noodles. Starch is associated with the shelf life and nutritional value (glycaemic index) of different wheat products. Starch quality is closely associated with the ratio of amylose to amylopectin, the two main macromolecules forming starch. In this review, we briefly summarise the discovery of waxy proteins-shown to be the sole enzymes responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat. The review particularly focuses on the different variants of these proteins, together with their molecular characterisation and evaluation of their effects on starch composition. There have been 19 different waxy protein variants described using protein electrophoresis; and at a molecular level 19, 15 and seven alleles described for Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1, respectively. This large variability, found in modern wheat and genetic resources such as wheat ancestors and wild relatives, is in some cases not properly ordered. The proper ordering of all the data generated is the key to enhancing use in breeding programmes of the current variability described, and thus generating wheat with novel starch properties to satisfy the demand of industry and consumers for novel high-quality processed food.

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“…A recent phylogenetic analysis of the Rosaceae has shown two loci encoding GB-SSI in all subfamilies (Evans et al, 2000), suggesting that more than one isoform of GBSSI may be active in some other dicot species, although only one GBSSI gene has been found in the genome sequence of Arabidopsis and only one active form has been identified in potato. In wheat, two structurally distinct isoforms are expressed in different tissues (Fujita and Taira, 1998;Nakamura et al, 1998;Vrinten and Nakamura, 2000), and there is evidence for at least two genes that encode GBSSI in rice, barley, and maize (Vrinten and Nakamura, 2000).…”

Section: Differences In the Products Of Gbssi Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete Forms of Amylose Are Synthesized by Isoforms of GBSSI in Pea[W]

Edwards

Vincken²,

Suurs³

et al. 2002

The Plant Cell

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Amyloses with distinct molecular masses are found in the starch of pea embryos compared with the starch of pea leaves. In pea embryos, a granule-bound starch synthase protein (GBSSIa) is required for the synthesis of a significant portion of the amylose. However, this protein seems to be insignificant in the synthesis of amylose in pea leaves. cDNA clones encoding a second isoform of GBSSI, GBSSIb, have been isolated from pea leaves. Comparison of GBSSIa and GBSSIb activities shows them to have distinct properties. These differences have been confirmed by the expression of GBSSIa and GBSSIb in the amylose-free mutant of potato. GBSSIa and GBSSIb make distinct forms of amylose that differ in their molecular mass. These differences in product specificity, coupled with differences in the tissues in which GBSSIa and GBSSIb are most active, explain the distinct forms of amylose found in different tissues of pea. The shorter form of amylose formed by GBSSIa confers less susceptibility to the retrogradation of starch pastes than the amylose formed by GBSSIb. The product specificity of GBSSIa could provide beneficial attributes to starches for food and nonfood uses.

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The Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSSI) Gene in the Rosaceae: Multiple Loci and Phylogenetic Utility

Cited by 98 publications

References 44 publications

Trends in site-number change of rDNA loci during polyploid evolution in Sanguisorba (Rosaceae)

Trends in site-number change of rDNA loci during polyploid evolution in Sanguisorba (Rosaceae)

Wheat waxy proteins: polymorphism, molecular characterization and effects on starch properties

Discrete Forms of Amylose Are Synthesized by Isoforms of GBSSI in Pea[W]

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