The granular and polymer composite nature of kerogen-rich shale

Abousleiman, Younane N.; Hull, Katherine L.; Han, Yanhui; Al-Muntasheri, Ghaithan A.; Hosemann, Peter; Parker, Stephen S.; Howard, C.

doi:10.1007/s11440-016-0435-y

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In this work, we investigate the physical origin of the thermomechanical behavior starting from the scale of adsorption. Recent experimental and theoretical advances in micro-and nano-mechanics of clays offer promising perspectives in the understanding of the mechanical properties (see for instance [1,2]). It is now possible to properly relate the adsorption scale to the macroscopic scale, which is done here for the thermo-mechanical behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale origin of the thermo-mechanical behavior of clays

et al. 2017

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We investigate the physics behind the complex thermo-mechanical behavior of clays. Depending on their loading history, clays exhibit thermal expansion or contraction, reversible or irreversible, and of much larger magnitude than for usual solids. This anomalous behavior is often attributed to water adsorption, but a proper link between adsorption and thermo-mechanics is still needed, which is the object of this paper. We propose a conceptual model starting from the scale of the adsorption up to the scale of the geomaterial, which successfully explains the thermo-mechanical behavior of clays. Adsorption takes place between clay layers at the nanometer scale. The mechanics of the clay layers is known to be strongly affected by adsorption, e.g., swelling with humidity increase. Here we investigate the effect of drained heating and show that an increase of temperature decreases the amplitude of the confining pressure oscillations with the basal spac

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale origin of the thermo-mechanical behavior of clays

et al. 2017

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“…Over the last decade, uniaxial compression of focused ionbeam (FIB)-milled micropillars using nanoindentation equipment has become an effective approach to investigate small-scale strength properties (Uchic et al 2004;Ye et al 2010;Volkert and Lilleodden 2006;Shim et al 2009;Korte and Clegg 2009). Yet, few studies have explored the application of microcompression testing to granular and heterogeneous materials, which have a hierarchical microstructure like cement paste (Zhang et al 2010;Abousleiman et al 2016;Yilmaz et al 2015;An et al 2015;Dewers et al 2010;Han et al 2011;Luczynski et al 2015). Whereas one study used FIB-milled microbeams to assess the tensile strength of cement (Němeček et al 2016), uniaxial compression tests have never been performed on FIB-milled cement micropillars for assessing their compressive failure behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Strength and Failure of Calcium Silicate Hydrate Aggregates in Cement Paste under Micropillar Compression

Shahrin

Bobko

2017

J. Nanomech. Micromech.

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A new methodology is proposed for investigating compressive failure behavior of cement paste at the micrometer scale. Micropillar geometries are fabricated by focused ion-beam milling on potential calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) locations identified through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spot analysis. Uniaxial compression testing of these pillars is performed using nanoindentation equipment. The compressive strength of C-S-H aggregates (225-606 MPa) measured from microcompression tests is found to be consistent with values from multiscale damage and molecular dynamic models. From posttest images, two primary deformation mechanisms at failure were identified; axial splitting and plastic collapse of the entire sample were observed.

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“…On the one hand, the influence of weak bedding planes was emphasized [23], which cannot explain the observed anisotropy at the mesoscale [43]. On the other hand, the ductility of kerogen [5,38] and the presence of weak kerogen/clay interfaces [22] were highlighted. However, the latter explanation implies a positive correlation between the kerogen content or the kerogen+clay content and the fracture resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of geochemistry on toughening behavior of organic-rich shale

Akono

Kabir

2018

Acta Geotech.

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Our research objective is to understand the influence of geochemistry on the fracture behavior of organic-rich shale at multiple length-scales. Despite an increasing focus on the fracture behavior of organic-rich shale, the relationships between geochemistry and fracture behavior remain unclear and there is a scarcity of experimental data available. To this end, we carry out 59 mesoscale scratch-based fracture tests on 14 specimens extracted from 7 major gas shale plays both in the United States and in France. Post-scratch testing imaging reveal fractures with small crack width of about 400 nm. The fracture toughness is evaluated using the energetic size effect law, which is extended to generic axisymmetric probes. A nonlinear anisotropic and multiscale fracture behavior is observed. In addition, a positive correlation is found between the fracture toughness and the presence of of kerogen, clay and calcite. Moreover, the geochemistry is found to influence the timescale and the regime of propagation of the hydraulic fracture at the macroscopic length-scale. In particular, shale systems rich in TOC, clay and calcite are more likely to exhibit high values of the fluid lag and low hydraulic crack width. Our findings highlight the need for advanced constitutive models for organic-rich shale systems and advanced hydraulic fracturing solutions that can fully integrate the complex fracture response of organic-rich shale materials.

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The granular and polymer composite nature of kerogen-rich shale

Cited by 54 publications

References 54 publications

Nanoscale origin of the thermo-mechanical behavior of clays

Nanoscale origin of the thermo-mechanical behavior of clays

Characterizing Strength and Failure of Calcium Silicate Hydrate Aggregates in Cement Paste under Micropillar Compression

Influence of geochemistry on toughening behavior of organic-rich shale

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