The Graham Volcanic Field Offshore Southwestern Sicily (Italy) Revealed by High-Resolution Seafloor Mapping and ROV Images

Cavallaro, Danilo; Coltelli, M.

doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00311

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(201 reference statements)

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“…5). Moreover, it corresponds to an area where ongoing magmatic activity (e.g., subaerial and www.nature.com/scientificreports/ submerged volcanic edifices) has been described by several authors [11][12][13] , and where aligned patterns of magnetic anomalies suggest the widespread presence of magmatic bodies at different depths 11,53 . The integrated analysis of available morpho-bathymetric data, seismic reflection profiles and gravity maps thus allows identifying a first-order structural feature, whose location, geometry and inferred kinematics, is in good agreement with the spatial distribution of recent volcanism and seismicity, therefore supporting the presence of a sub-vertical lithospheric shear zone favouring magma ascent 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6c). In addition, subaerial and submerged Plio-Pleistocene volcanoes [11][12][13] are mainly located along the LSSZ. At crustal depth (15-25 km) these volcanic edifices correspond to some low P-wave velocity bodies 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ [11][12][13] (red stars). The crustal thickness 51 (in km) is also reported as continuous blue lines.…”

Section: Seismic Reflection Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 b). Along this deformation belt, the magmatic activity started in the Nameless Bank in the Late Miocene and continued to the present-day close to Pantelleria and to the south-eastern wedge of the Graham Bank 12 , 24 and is characterized by a wide spectrum of volcanic rocks with tholeiitic, alkaline and peralkaline affinities 25 (see details in Supplementary Information).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yellow strip represents the N-S-oriented tectonic belt discussed in the main text. Subaerial and submerged volcanic edifices [11][12][13] are reported as red stars. La Lampedusa, Li Linosa, Pa Pantelleria, Ma Malta, Lt Linosa trough, Mt Malta trough, Pt Pantelleria trough, NB Nameless Bank, TB Terribile Bank, GB Graham Bank, HP Hyblean Plateau, HMEFS Hyblean Maltese Escarpment fault system, CGF Capo Granitola fault, SF Sciacca fault.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Crustal deformation, active tectonics and seismic potential in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean), along the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary

Palano

Ursino

Spampinato

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Based on multidisciplinary data, including seismological and geodetic observations, as well as seismic reflection profiles and gravity maps, we analysed the pattern of crustal deformation and active tectonics in the Sicily Channel, a key observation point to unravel the complex interaction between two major plates, Nubia and Eurasia, in the Mediterranean Sea. Our data highlight the presence of an active ~ 220-km-long complex lithospheric fault system (here named the Lampedusa-Sciacca Shear Zone), approximately oriented N–S, crossing the study area with left-lateral strike-slip deformations, active volcanism and high heat flow. We suggest that this shear zone represents the most active tectonic domain in the area, while the NW–SE elongated rifting pattern, considered the first order tectonic feature, appears currently inactive and sealed by undeformed recent (Lower Pleistocene?) deposits. Estimates of seismological and geodetic moment-rates, 6.58 × 1015 Nm/year and 7.24 × 1017 Nm/year, respectively, suggests that seismicity accounts only for ~ 0.9% of crustal deformation, while the anomalous thermal state and the low thickness of the crust would significantly inhibit frictional sliding in favour of creeping and aseismic deformation. We therefore conclude that a significant amount of the estimated crustal deformation-rate occurs aseismically, opening new scenarios for seismic risk assessments in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ [11][12][13] (red stars). The crustal thickness 51 (in km) is also reported as continuous blue lines.…”

Section: Seismic Reflection Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustal deformation, active tectonics and seismic potential in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean), along the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary

Palano

Ursino

Spampinato

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The paleo-community of the Sciacca red coral

Bavestrello

Betti

Calcagnile

et al. 2023

Facies

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The sub-fossil red coral deposits of Sciacca (Sicily Channel) have attracted scientific attention for nearly 150 years. Their origin and formation have been long questioned and investigated, given the fact that they represent one of the most intriguing geobiological events ever to occur in the Mediterranean basin. Less attention was given to the paleo-community associated with the sub-fossil coral. Radiocarbon age determinations, in particular, were provided only for red coral, neglecting the possibility of understanding which species were simultaneously present in the coralline paleo-community and which was their role. The study of cemented coral rubble pieces revealed that Corallium rubrum covered the largest time interval (more than 3000 years) and was contemporary to many secondary epibionts over two millennia and to Madrepora oculata for about 500 years; this last finding suggested that an uncommon co-dominance between the two structuring species occurred in the nearby living communities. The lack of Fe–Mg deposits on the cemented coral rubbles coupled with the low bioerosion rate of the red coral skeletons by the demosponge Siphonodictyon coralliirubri (assessed through the analysis of the erosive paleo-scars) suggested that the deposits met with a rapid sediment cover-up. Moreover, for the first time, the analysis of a piece of cemented coral rubble of sub-fossil red coral coming from Sardinian waters confirmed that, albeit to a lesser extent, the conditions favouring the preservation of dead corals can occur also in different localities far from Sciacca.

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Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

et al. 2021

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Destructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.

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The Graham Volcanic Field Offshore Southwestern Sicily (Italy) Revealed by High-Resolution Seafloor Mapping and ROV Images

Cited by 19 publications

References 96 publications

Crustal deformation, active tectonics and seismic potential in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean), along the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary

Crustal deformation, active tectonics and seismic potential in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean), along the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary

The paleo-community of the Sciacca red coral

Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

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