Rwanda is one of the oldest kingdoms in the African Nile valley. Rwanda is also one of the African countries that have suffered from the effects of colonial heritage. Rwandans" unity collapsed during the colonial period. Belgian colonialists introduced ethnic division in 1930 based on phenotypically aspects and the hatred between ethnic groups led the country to genocide against Tutsi. By the time of the 1994 genocide, Rwanda"s economic development and infrastructure have collapsed and returned to the 1970s level. Under the Vision 2020 initiative, which aimed to transform the country from a poor to a middle-income country, Rwanda"s economy has dramatically improved and many planned targets have been reached, although many challenges remain to be faced, notably in: urbanization, water sanitation, energy and industrialization. Chinese investment during Belt and Road initiative has been instrumental in East African development in terms of international trade and regional integration. It was also the solution for geographically isolated countries including Rwanda. Despite some negative effects highlighted by the study, such as accusations of violating labor law and human rights by foreign companies, foreign direct investments, including from China, have played many important roles in Rwanda"s economic reconstruction. The findings of this research show that Chinese investment in Rwanda during BRI reached US$ 1.47 billion between 2013-2020 in several infrastructure areas. Low wages paid by foreign companies to Rwanda"s workforce, however, is still a matter of concern, in comparison to the standard salary provided by the International Labor Organization (ILO).