“…Glyphosate and its residues can persist in soil and water for months and build up to higher levels in the environment. , Also, epidemiological data suggest that glyphosate and its metabolites are widespread in the population. , It has repeatedly been identified in food samples (including baby food) in the reports of the European Union on common pesticide residues identified in the food chain . Chronic exposure causes adverse effects on exposed organisms, magnifying the chemical through the food chain . Therefore, there is an urgent need for its trace scrutiny in environmental and biological samples.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 Chronic exposure causes adverse effects on exposed organisms, magnifying the chemical through the food chain. 11 Therefore, there is an urgent need for its trace scrutiny in environmental and biological samples.…”
In this study, a lab-on-chip electrochemical sensor was developed for ultratrace determination of glyphosate. A singlestep approach was adopted for the surface modification of screenprinted electrodes using reduced graphene oxide. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode. The modified electrode exhibited lowered electron transfer resistance, improved current response, and demonstrated selectivity and sensitivity toward glyphosate. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed to quantify glyphosate. The detection limit for glyphosate was achieved up to 0.144 nmol L −1 for a wide concentration range of 1 to 1000 nM. The proposed sensor presents the advantage of nonenzymatically and specifically determining glyphosate and offers exceptional stability with a relative standard deviation of 3.3% for 10 days. Finally, the applicability of the developed technique was assessed by quantification of glyphosate in tap water and garden soil samples. The ease of fabrication and implementation of the proposed sensor can contribute to the quest for on-site determination of the ecological contaminants.
“…Glyphosate and its residues can persist in soil and water for months and build up to higher levels in the environment. , Also, epidemiological data suggest that glyphosate and its metabolites are widespread in the population. , It has repeatedly been identified in food samples (including baby food) in the reports of the European Union on common pesticide residues identified in the food chain . Chronic exposure causes adverse effects on exposed organisms, magnifying the chemical through the food chain . Therefore, there is an urgent need for its trace scrutiny in environmental and biological samples.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 Chronic exposure causes adverse effects on exposed organisms, magnifying the chemical through the food chain. 11 Therefore, there is an urgent need for its trace scrutiny in environmental and biological samples.…”
In this study, a lab-on-chip electrochemical sensor was developed for ultratrace determination of glyphosate. A singlestep approach was adopted for the surface modification of screenprinted electrodes using reduced graphene oxide. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode. The modified electrode exhibited lowered electron transfer resistance, improved current response, and demonstrated selectivity and sensitivity toward glyphosate. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed to quantify glyphosate. The detection limit for glyphosate was achieved up to 0.144 nmol L −1 for a wide concentration range of 1 to 1000 nM. The proposed sensor presents the advantage of nonenzymatically and specifically determining glyphosate and offers exceptional stability with a relative standard deviation of 3.3% for 10 days. Finally, the applicability of the developed technique was assessed by quantification of glyphosate in tap water and garden soil samples. The ease of fabrication and implementation of the proposed sensor can contribute to the quest for on-site determination of the ecological contaminants.
“…The higher toxicity of the final product is explained by the fact that it contains additional adjuvant substances aimed at accelerating the absorption of glyphosate by plants and enhancing its herbicidal action. Residual traces of glyphosate and its metabolites can be found in food and drink, soil, water, and dust, so everyone can potentially be exposed to its toxic effects [16]. Therefore, the development and implementation of a simple sensor for detecting glyphosate at relatively low concentrations is an important task.…”
This research presents a comparative analysis of water-gated thin film transistors based on a copper oxide (CuO) semiconductor in the form of a smooth film and a nanostructured surface. A smooth CuO film was deposited through reactive magnetron sputtering followed by annealing in atmosphere at a temperature of 280 ∘C. Copper oxide nanostructures were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis on a preliminary magnetron sputtered 2 nm thick CuO precursor followed by annealing at 280 ∘C. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the samples revealed the presence of a tenorite (CuO) phase with a predominant orientation of (002). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of the samples revealed a highly developed surface with crystallites having a monoclinic syngony and dimensions of 15–20 nm in thickness, 150 nm in length, and 100 nm in height relative to a 2.5 nm height for the CuO crystallites of the smooth film. Electric measurements of the studied devices revealed typical current–voltage characteristics of semiconductors with predominant hole conductivity. The maximum ON/OFF ratio at a rain-source voltage of 0.4 volts and −1.2 volts on the gate for a smooth film was 102, and for a nanostructured transistor, it was 103. However, a much stronger saturation of the channel was observed for the nanostructured channel than for the smooth film. A test solution containing glyphosate dissolved in deionized water in three different concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 μmol/L was used during the experiments. The principle of operation was based on the preliminary saturation of the solution with Cu ions, followed by the formation of a metal–organic complex alongside glyphate. The glyphosate contents in the analyte led to a decrease in the conductivity of the transistor on the axis of the smooth film. In turn, the opposite effect was observed on the nanostructured surface, i.e., an increase in conductivity was noted upon the introduction of an analyte. Despite this, the overall sensitivity of the nanostructured device was twice as high as that of the device with a thin film channel. The relative changes in the field-effect transistor (FET) conductivity at maximum glyphosate concentrations of 15 μmol/L reached 19.42% for the nanostructured CuO film and 3.3% for the smooth film.
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