The glymphatic system and its relation with neurological diseases

Natário, Karla Helena Picoli; Aguiar, Guilherme Brasileiro de; Vieira, Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20200925

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In humans, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has been used to show greater clearance of contrast agents shortly after sleep, compared to waking activity, providing further evidence that the glymphatic clearance may be most active during sleep ( Lee et al, 2021 ). Moreover, dysfunctions of the glymphatic system have been associated with many diseases in humans, including cerebral small vessel disease, AD, and multiple sclerosis ( Ge et al, 2005 ; Mogensen et al, 2021 ; Natário et al, 2021 ; Benveniste and Nedergaard, 2022 ). For example, ex vivo examination of histological slices from the white matter of an AD patient revealed enlarged perivascular spaces ( Figure 2 ) compared to an age-matched control ( Roher et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: The Glymphatic System and Perivascular Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical guide to the automated quantification of perivascular spaces in magnetic resonance imaging

Pham

Lynch²,

Spitz³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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The glymphatic system is responsible for waste clearance in the brain. It is comprised of perivascular spaces (PVS) that surround penetrating blood vessels. These spaces are filled with cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid, and can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging. Various algorithms have been developed to automatically label these spaces in MRI. This has enabled volumetric and morphological analyses of PVS in healthy and disease cohorts. However, there remain inconsistencies between PVS measures reported by different methods of automated segmentation. The present review emphasizes that importance of voxel-wise evaluation of model performance, mainly with the Sørensen Dice similarity coefficient. Conventional count correlations for model validation are inadequate if the goal is to assess volumetric or morphological measures of PVS. The downside of voxel-wise evaluation is that it requires manual segmentations that require large amounts of time to produce. One possible solution is to derive these semi-automatically. Additionally, recommendations are made to facilitate rigorous development and validation of automated PVS segmentation models. In the application of automated PVS segmentation tools, publication of image quality metrics, such as the contrast-to-noise ratio, alongside descriptive statistics of PVS volumes and counts will facilitate comparability between studies. Lastly, a head-to-head comparison between two algorithms, applied to two cohorts of astronauts reveals how results can differ substantially between techniques.

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Section: The Glymphatic System and Perivascular Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical guide to the automated quantification of perivascular spaces in magnetic resonance imaging

Pham

Lynch²,

Spitz³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposes that deposition of amyloid β-protein in the brain is a central event in disease pathology (Karran and De Strooper, 2022 ). Impaired clearance of these substances favors the accumulation of amyloid β-protein in the cerebral parenchyma and disease progression (Jessen et al, 2015 ; Natário and Aguiar, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current literature shows that exercise can improve cognitive function in healthy older adults, indicating that different exercise regimens can produce distinct effects on the brain (Norman et al, 2018 ), with evidence that a combined protocol of moderate aerobic and resistance training would improve the overall cognitive function. Notably, recent studies have suggested that these cognitive benefits may be linked, in part, to the glymphatic system (He et al, 2017 ; von Holstein-Rathlou et al, 2018 ; Natário and Aguiar, 2021 ). However, while these findings are promising, the comprehensive details of the mechanisms involved in exercise's impact on the glymphatic system and cognitive health in older adults are still the subject of ongoing research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The newly discovered glymphatic system: the missing link between physical exercise and brain health?

Olegário,

Nóbrega,

Camargos

2024

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Dementias are responsible for the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases and the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. As a result, there is a growing effort by the neuroscientific community to understand the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, including how to alleviate the effects of the cognitive decline by means of non-pharmacological therapies (e.g., physical exercise). Studies have shown that exercise can improve aspects of brain health related to cognition. However, there still needs to be more knowledge regarding the mechanisms controlling these relationships, and a newly discovered cleansing system in the brain, named the glymphatic system, can be the missing link in this mechanism. The objective of this paper is to review recent findings regarding the potential impacts of physical exercise on the glymphatic system and its implications for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, considering the close interplay between exercise and sleep quality, we aim to explore how sleep patterns may intersect with exercise-induced effects on glymphatic function, further elucidating the complex relationship between lifestyle factors and brain health.

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The glymphatic system and its relation with neurological diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

A critical guide to the automated quantification of perivascular spaces in magnetic resonance imaging

A critical guide to the automated quantification of perivascular spaces in magnetic resonance imaging

The newly discovered glymphatic system: the missing link between physical exercise and brain health?

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