The Glycolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste:  Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids as High Efficient Catalysts

Yue, Qun Feng; Xiao, Lin; Zhang, Mi Lin; Bai, Xue

doi:10.3390/polym5041258

Cited by 90 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ACS) was prepared under constant stirring for 24 h in excess dichloromethane (Merck HPLC 99.9%). Then the mixture was subjected to filtration and vacuum distillation of the liquid phase, according to the procedure described elsewhere [18] .…”

Section: Catalyst Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

et al. 2018

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ObstractIn the present work, the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was performed by the method of glycolysis with ethylene glycol. The process was carried out using a factorial design in the Box-Behnken optimization model, using a response surface methodology (RSM) in which three factors (time, temperature and mass ratio of ethylene glycol) were studied in three levels of variation (-1, 0, +1) with two replicates of the center point, totalizing 15 experiments for which the yield of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomers formed in the process was chosen as response. In parallel, the Arrhenius kinetic test was used to determine the apparent activation energy (Ea) for the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole trichlorozincate ([Bmin]ZnCl 3 ) -catalyst used in the depolymerization process. The products of glycolysis obtained were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR), ( 1 H and 13 C NMR), thermal analyses (TGA) and (DSC) and Mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap.

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Section: Catalyst Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of their goals was to reduce the amount of catalyst consumed, successfully reducing that value to 0.16% wt. [18] . Their new study in 2014 [10] was based on novel compounds of metal-dialkylimidazole ionic liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

et al. 2018

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“…In an attempt to solve some of these problems, antimony‐, tin‐ or titanium‐based catalysts have been applied during the polymerization process. However, titanium‐based catalysts impart a yellow colour, while antimony catalysts were found to lead to possible toxicity issues …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, titanium-based catalysts impart a yellow colour, while antimony catalysts were found to lead to possible toxicity issues. 4,[18][19][20] Polycondensations occurring in solution do not give rise to polymer degradation nor to discoloration issues due to the use of milder reaction conditions. 1,21,22 However, a major disadvantage associated with solution polycondensation is the need for a solvent, which implies additional costs with respect to solvent manipulation, polymer solubility and recovery issues in/from the solvent used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐step solution polymerization of poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: synthesis parameters and polymer characterization

Giol

Brande

Mele

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s represent one of the most frequently used polymer classes worldwide. Well‐known examples include poly(ethylene terephthalate) (n = 2) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (n = 4). The conventional synthesis method for these polymers is based on melt polycondensation, a two‐stage process performed under harsh conditions that includes the synthesis of an intermediate prepolymer and the presence of a catalyst, which may induce toxicity issues. The present work reports on a straightforward single‐step solution polycondensation method performed under mild conditions and in the absence of a catalyst. A homologous series of poly(alkylene terephthalate)s (n = 5 − 10) of molar masses up to 20 000 g mol−1 and dispersity <2.4 was synthesized and characterized thoroughly. Great attention was given to the thermal properties assessment by using state‐of‐the‐art techniques and a highly sensitive prototype technique called rapid heat − cool DSC. Similar to melt‐synthesized polyesters, a particular odd − even trend of the thermal properties versus the number of methylene groups within the monomer unit was revealed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report covering a single‐step solution‐based polycondensation performed in the absence of a catalyst that results in highly reproducible polyesters possessing unaltered thermal properties compared to polyesters synthesized through industrially applied conventional routes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…With the enormous development and usage of PET, a large fraction of PET gets added to the waste system on a yearly basis. The demand for nonbiodegradable PET in various applications has been increasing at an alarming rate [11,12]. Although PET is not hazardous, many factors contribute to the accumulation of PET in the environment and this necessitates serious attention to recycling as the accumulation has become a global environmental issue [2,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

Mohsin

Abdulrehman

Haik

2017

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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This study investigates treating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste water bottles with different mass of ethylene glycol (EG) using reactive extrusion technique at a temperature of 260 ∘ C. The study puts emphases on evaluating the thermal, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of the treated polyethylene terephthalate. The properties of the treated PET from the extruder were analyzed using FT-IR, TGA, DSC, and nanoindentation. The melt flow indexes (MFI) of both treated and untreated PET were also measured and compared. Thermal properties such as melting temperature ( ) for treating PET showed an inversely proportional behavior with the EG concentrations. The FT-IR analysis was used to investigate the formation of new linkages like hydrogen bonds between PET and EG due to the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Nanoindentation results revealed that both the mechanical characteristics, elastic modulus and hardness, decrease with increasing EG concentration. On the other hand, the melt flow index of treated PET exhibited an increase with increasing EG concentration in the PET matrix.

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The Glycolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste: Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids as High Efficient Catalysts

Abstract: Poly(ethlyene terephthalate) waste from a local market was depolymerized by ethylene glycol (EG)

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

PET glycolysis optimization using ionic liquid [Bmin]ZnCl3 as catalyst and kinetic evaluation

Single‐step solution polymerization of poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: synthesis parameters and polymer characterization

Reactive Extrusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste and Investigation of Its Thermal and Mechanical Properties after Treatment

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