The Glycerate and Phosphorylated Pathways of Serine Synthesis in Plants: The Branches of Plant Glycolysis Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Igamberdiev, Abir U.; Kleczkowski, Leszek A.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00318

Cited by 90 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In plants, L -serine also plays an important role in the response to environmental stresses such as high salinity, flooding, and low temperature ( Ho and Saito, 2001 ). L -Serine is synthesized in plants by three pathways: the glycolate pathway, the glycerate pathway, and the phosphorylated pathway ( Ros et al, 2014 ; Igamberdiev and Kleczkowski, 2018 ). The plant-specific glycolate pathway is a part of photorespiration and is considered to be important in photosynthetic organs ( Kleczkowski and Givan, 1988 ; Bauwe et al, 2010 ; Maurino and Peterhansel, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Biochemical Characterization of the Serine Biosynthetic Enzyme 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase in Marchantia polymorpha

et al. 2018

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L-serine is an important molecule in all living organisms, and thus its biosynthesis is considered to be regulated according to demand. 3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH), the first committed enzyme of the phosphorylated pathway of L-serine biosynthesis, is regulated by negative feedback from L-serine in bacteria. In the case of the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, two PGDH isozymes out of three are inhibited by L-serine and activated by L-alanine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-homoserine, and L-homocysteine, suggesting a more complicated regulatory mechanism of L-serine biosynthesis in A. thaliana than in bacteria. However, it remains to be clarified whether the activation mechanism of PGDH by amino acids is conserved in land plants. In this study, we identified the sole isozyme of PGDH in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (MpPGDH) and elucidated its biochemical characteristics. MpPGDH cDNA encodes a 65.6 kDa protein that contains a putative transit peptide for chloroplast localization. MpPGDH shares 75–80% identity with A. thaliana isozymes and forms a homotetramer in vitro. Recombinant MpPGDH exhibited an optimal pH of 9.0, apparent Michaelis constants of 0.49 ± 0.04 and 0.096 ± 0.010 mM for 3-PGA and NAD+, respectively, and apparent maximum velocity of 5.65 ± 0.10 μmol⋅min−1⋅mg−1, similar to those of A. thaliana isozymes. Phosphate ions were found to stabilize MpPGDH, suggesting that phosphate ions are also a crucial factor in the regulation of serine biosynthesis via the phosphorylated pathway in Marchantia polymorpha. MpPGDH was inhibited by L-serine in a cooperative manner and was activated by L-alanine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-homoserine, and L-homocysteine to a lesser extent than it is in A. thaliana. The results suggest that an ancestral PGDH of land plants was inhibited byL-serine and slightly activated by five other amino acids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Biochemical Characterization of the Serine Biosynthetic Enzyme 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase in Marchantia polymorpha

et al. 2018

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“…Accumulation of excess Ser can be attributed to the activation of phosphorylated pathways of Ser synthesis as the expression of D-glycerate 3-kinase (ClCG09G002370), D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (ClCG05G010250) and phosphoserine aminotransferase (ClCG10G000330) were strongly up-regulated. Ser is considered as a critical player in biochemical responses for the regulation of intracellular redox, energy levels, and cellular pH, particularly in stress conditions [ 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt Stress Response in Watermelon Seedlings

Song

Joshi²,

Joshi³

2020

IJMS

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Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is a widely popular vegetable fruit crop for human consumption. Soil salinity is among the most critical problems for agricultural production, food security, and sustainability. The transcriptomic and the primary molecular mechanisms that underlie the salt-induced responses in watermelon plants remain uncertain. In this study, the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, free amino acids, and transcriptome profiles of watermelon seedlings exposed to short-term salt stress (300 mM NaCl) were analyzed to identify the genes and pathways associated with response to salt stress. We observed that the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II decreased in salt-stressed plants. Most free amino acids in the leaves of salt-stressed plants increased many folds, while the percent distribution of glutamate and glutamine relative to the amino acid pool decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed 7622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress, of which 4055 were up-regulated. The GO analysis showed that the molecular function term “transcription factor (TF) activity” was enriched. The assembled transcriptome demonstrated up-regulation of 240 and down-regulation of 194 differentially expressed TFs, of which the members of ERF, WRKY, NAC bHLH, and MYB-related families were over-represented. The functional significance of DEGs associated with endocytosis, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and hormonal pathways in response to salt stress are discussed. The findings from this study provide novel insights into the salt tolerance mechanism in watermelon.

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“…Further, we observed marginal increase in metabolites of glycerol pathway, which are essential in providing carbon source to glycolysis and triglyceride pathways. Moreover, glycerol is known to function as intra-cellular osmoticum under salt stress (Bahieldin et al, 2013; Igamberdiev Kleczkowski, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic hormone-metabolite network provides insights of high salinity tolerance inPongamia pinnata(L.) pierre

Marriboina

Sharma

Sengupta

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Salinity stress results significant losses in plant productivity, and loss of cultivable lands. Although Pongamia pinnata is reported to be a salt tolerant semiarid tree crop, the adaptive mechanisms to saline environment are elusive. The present investigation describes alterations in hormonal and metabolic responses in correlation with physiological and molecular variations in leaves and roots of Pongamia at sea salinity level (3% NaCl) for 8 days. At physiological level, salinity induced adjustments in plant morphology, leaf gas exchange and ion accumulation patterns were observed. Our study also revealed that phytohormones including JAs and ABA play crucial role in promoting the salt adaptive strategies such as apoplasmic Na+ sequestration and cell wall lignification in leaves and roots of Pongamia. Correlation studies demonstrated that hormones including ABA, JAs and SA showed a positive interaction with selective compatible metabolites (sugars, polyols and organic acids) to aid in maintaining osmotic balance and conferring salt tolerance to Pongamia. At the molecular level, our data showed that differential expression of transporter genes as well as antioxidant genes regulate the ionic and ROS homeostasis in Pongamia. Collectively, these results shed new insights on an integrated physiological, structural, molecular and metabolic adaptations conferring salinity tolerance to Pongamia.High lightOur data, for the first time, provide new insights for an integrated molecular and metabolic adaptation conferring salinity tolerance in Pongamia. The present investigation describes alterations in hormonal and metabolic responses in correlation with physiological and molecular variations in Pongamia at sea salinity level (3% NaCl) for 8 days.

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The Glycerate and Phosphorylated Pathways of Serine Synthesis in Plants: The Branches of Plant Glycolysis Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Cited by 90 publications

References 109 publications

Identification and Biochemical Characterization of the Serine Biosynthetic Enzyme 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase in Marchantia polymorpha

Identification and Biochemical Characterization of the Serine Biosynthetic Enzyme 3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase in Marchantia polymorpha

Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt Stress Response in Watermelon Seedlings

Systematic hormone-metabolite network provides insights of high salinity tolerance inPongamia pinnata(L.) pierre

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