The glycemic index (GI) of standard and diabetes-specific clinical nutrition products

Glycaemic control in type II diabetic tube-fed patients with a new enteral formula low in carbohydrates and high in monounsaturated fatty acids: a randomised controlled trial

“…Comparison with relevant findings from other published studies A number of small studies have addressed the short-term effects of enteral diets on glycaemic response in type II DM. These studies have shown varying results (Stürmer et al, 1994;Golay et al, 1995;Haslbeck et al, 1995;Printz et al, 1997;Sanz-Paris et al, 1998;van Drunen et al, 2003). A few controlled studies have been published, all having either a very short observation period (o4 weeks) (Mesejo et al, 2003), a very small number of patients (Low et al, 1996;Gumbiner et al, 1998;McCargar et al, 1998), or a combination of both deficiencies (Celaya et al, 1992;Low et al, 1996;Gumbiner et al, 1998;McCargar et al, 1998;Böttcher et al, 2000;Mesejo et al, 2003;Hofman et al, 2004).…”

“…Guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes have changed considerably, emphasising in the last years avoidance of foods that cause an exaggerated glycaemic response (ie foods with a high glycaemic index) (American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2000; Coulston, 2000; European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 2000; Connor et al, 2003;del Carmen Crespillo et al, 2003;Parhofer et al, 2003;Franz et al, 2004;Schafer et al, 2004). In light of this, carbohydrate-modified enteral diets with reduced glycaemic indices have been developed (Haslbeck et al, 1995;Ha & Lean, 1998;American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2002;van Drunen et al, 2003;Franz et al, 2004;Hofman et al, 2004). Although these diets may reduce nonfasting hyperglycaemia, the ability of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients to achieve long-term glycaemic benefit has been questioned (Ha & Lean, 1998; European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 2000; American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2002; Connor et al, 2003;Parhofer et al, 2003;Franz et al, 2004).…”