The Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet In Autism: Results of A Preliminary Double Blind Clinical Trial

Elder, Jennifer; Shankar, Meena N.; Shuster, Jonathan J.; Theriaque, Douglas W.; Burns, Sylvia; Sherrill, Lindsay

doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0079-0

Cited by 257 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Increased gut permeability and elevated level of bacterial metabolic products such as LPS leading to increased proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 have also been shown in children with ASD. 144 A few small clinical trials have shown beneficial effects for gluten free and casein free diets on symptoms of children with ASD 145,146 that could potentially be attributed to the change in gut microbiota. 4,8,19,61,128,147 Furthermore, in children with autism, the frequency of GI symptoms is increased 148,149 and has been attributed to a low-grade chronic inflammation in the GI tract caused by altered gut microbiota.…”

Section: Emerging Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Emerging Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…73 The reviewed trials included a 12-month, single-blind trial (n ϭ 10) of Norwegian children; this study showed some reduction in autistic traits and modest improvement on standardized measures of communication and interaction and social isolation. 72 The second study reviewed was a small, 12-week, randomized, double-blind study (n ϭ 15) that revealed no statistically significant benefits of the diet, although several parents had reported improvement in their children 74 ; the authors stressed an urgent need for well-conducted and adequately powered, randomized, controlled trials in this area.…”

Section: Biologically Based Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Autism: An Evidence-Based Approach to Negotiating Safe and Efficacious Interventions with Families

2010

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Summary: This review focuses on helping clinicians identify resources and develop strategies they may use to effectively negotiate safe and effective use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments with families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders. Since new types of CAM continue to be introduced into the autism community, emphasis is placed on providing clinicians with tools to help families negotiate the myriad of available treatments and make decisions based on current safety and efficacy data, while remaining mindful of the reasons families may be considering these treatments.We familiarize readers with high-quality, evidence-based resources that providers and families may use to ascertain current information about specific types of CAM, verify the content of biologically-based treatments, identify ongoing CAM research and obtain toolkits designed to help healthcare providers raise the topic of CAM usage and facilitate disclosure and discussion of CAM use with patients and their families. Key Words: Complementary and alternative medicine, autism, integrative medicine, gluten-free casein-free diet, melatonin, chelation, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, evidence-based medicine.

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“…For example, while gluten-and 74 casein-free diets are widely used and reported to be efficacious by parents [40], to date only 75 two RCTs have tested their efficacy, yielding mixed results that prevent any recommendation 76 of these exclusion diets as standard treatments [19,8]. Omega-3 fatty acids are increasingly 77 used in ASD despite lack of understanding on which might be the optimal dosage and 78 insufficient evidence of efficacy [18] to endorse all the approaches that they had used with their child in the previous 6 months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with autism spectrum disorder in Europe

et al. 2015

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This study examined the prevalence and correlates of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among a sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) < 7 years in 18 European countries (N = 1,680). Forty-seven percent of parents reported having tried any CAM approach in the past 6 months. Diets and supplements were used by 25 % of the sample and mind–body practices by 24 %; other unconventional approaches were used by 25 % of the families, and a minority of parents reported having tried any invasive or potentially harmful approach (2 %). Parents in Eastern Europe reported significantly higher rates of CAM use. In the total sample, children with lower verbal ability and children using prescribed medications were more likely to be receiving diets or supplements. Concurrent use of high levels of conventional psychosocial intervention was significantly associated with use of mind–body practices. Higher parental educational level also increased the likelihood of both use of diets and supplements and use of mind–body practices. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CAM use among a sample of young children with ASD is an indication that parents need to be supported in the choice of treatments early on in the assessment process, particularly in some parts of Europe

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The Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet In Autism: Results of A Preliminary Double Blind Clinical Trial

Cited by 257 publications

References 21 publications

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Autism: An Evidence-Based Approach to Negotiating Safe and Efficacious Interventions with Families

Prevalence and correlates of use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with autism spectrum disorder in Europe

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