We compute quark structure functions and the intrinsic Fock space distribution of sea quarks in a hadron wavefunction at small x. The computation is performed in an effective theory at small x where the gluon field is treated classically. At Q 2 large compared to an intrinsic scale associated with the density of gluons µ 2 , large compared to the QCD scale Λ 2 QCD , and large compared to the quark mass squared M 2 , the Fock space distribution of quarks is identical to the distribution function measured in deep inelastic scattering. For Q 2 ≤ M 2 but Q 2 >> µ 2 , the quark distribution is computed in terms of the gluon distribution function and explicit expressions are obtained. For Q 2 ≤ µ 2 but Q 2 >> Λ 2 QCD we obtain formal expressions for the quark distribution functions in terms of the glue. An evaluation 1 of these requires a renormalization group analysis of the gluon distribution function in the regime of high parton density. For light quarks at high Q 2 , the DGLAP flavor singlet evolution equations for the parton distributions are recovered. Explicit expressions are given for heavy quark structure functions at small x.