The glucuronoxylans and the helicoidal shift in cellulose microfibrils in linden wood: Cytochemistryin muro and on isolated molecules

Immunolocalization and structural variations of xylan in differentiating earlywood tracheid cell walls of Cryptomeria japonica

“…Our study suggests that the large amount of xylans detected in previous chemical studies may come from ccML. In contrast to our work, some immunolocalization studies of xylans in hardwood have reported no xylan labeling in CML or ccML (Awano et al 1998;Ruel et al 2006;Vian et al 1986). These differences suggest that the distribution of xylans in the cell walls of softwood may differ from that in hardwoods from the early stages of cell wall formation.…”

“…In contrast to our results, Takabe et al (1984) observed the high incorporation of 14 C-glucose labeling in xylan from the S 1 formation stage to the early stage of S 2 formation in Japanese cedar using autoradiographic methods. Vian et al (1986) also reported that xylanase-gold complexes are preferentially deposited in the transition zone between the S 1 and S 2 layers in linden, and suggested that xylan deposition is associated with a shift in the orientation of Planta (2010) 232:817-824 821 cellulose microfibrils from the S 1 layer to the S 2 layer. However, we did not find any relationship between the concentration of xylans in the S 1 /S 2 region and cellulose microfibril orientation.…”

“…Because the highest concentrations of xylans are found in the transition zone between the S 1 and S 2 layers, Vian et al (1986) suggested that xylans may organize in a cholesteric assembly and act as a twisting agent for cellulose microfibrils. They also reported that the distribution of xylans corresponds closely with the progression of lignin in the secondary cell wall, indicating that xylans play a role in the formation of a host structure for lignin precursors (Atalla 2005;Vian et al 1992).…”

“…From enzymatic degradation of cell walls using xylanase, Parameswaran and Sinner (1979) and Parameswaran and Liese (1982) also showed the distribution of xylan in cell walls. More recently, cytochemical studies have shown the distribution of xylans in wood cell walls using various immunological probes such as xylanase-gold complexes, antibodies, and carbohydrate binding modules (Awano et al 1998(Awano et al , 2000(Awano et al , 2002Carafa et al 2005;Filonova et al 2007;Hosoo et al 2006;Ruel et al 2006;Vian et al 1986Vian et al , 1992. In particular, Awano et al (1998Awano et al ( , 2000Awano et al ( , 2002 systematically investigated the distribution of xylans (AcGXs) in the cell walls of fibers using various immunological methods in combination with enzyme and chemical treatment of the cell walls.…”

The Helicoidal Cell Wall as a Time Register*

“…Considering the wall as an horologic mechanism emphasizes its periodic characteristics. Our aim has been to introduce the basic question of how the cell can assemble and regulate such a rhythmic system, with the implication of spontaneous regulation, pacemakers and directed regulation via the complex traffic of membranes in conjunction with the cytoskeleton (Roland, Vian & Reis, 1977;Robinson & Quader, 1982;Lloyd, 1984;Northcote, 1985;Roberts, Lloyd & Roberts, 1985;Neville, 1986;Vian et al, 1986;Roland et al, in preparation). These last aspects are beyond the scope of the present paper.…”