The glucagon response of fasting obese subjects

Haro, Expedito N.; Blum, Stuart F.; Faloon, William W.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(65)90113-7

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Only when sufficient carbohydrate was included in the diet did net repletion of liver glycogen stores begin (79). This was quite a novel finding since the prevailing theory held that gluconeogenesis was the major pathway for liver glycogen synthesis, and so it would rapidly restore liver glycogen stores even during fasting or carbohydrate intake restriction (5,48). In humans, gluconeogenesis [from the major precursors: glycerol, glucogenic amino acids (e.g., alanine), and lactate] contributes ϳ55% of endogenous glucose production during the first 10 h of fasting (87).…”

Section: Historical Perspective On Liver Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise

Gonzalez

Fuchs

Betts

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

142

154

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Carbohydrate and fat are the main substrates utilized during prolonged endurance-type exercise. The relative contribution of each is determined primarily by the intensity and duration of exercise, along with individual training and nutritional status. During moderate- to high-intensity exercise, carbohydrate represents the main substrate source. Because endogenous carbohydrate stores (primarily in liver and muscle) are relatively small, endurance-type exercise performance/capacity is often limited by endogenous carbohydrate availability. Much exercise metabolism research to date has focused on muscle glycogen utilization, with little attention paid to the contribution of liver glycogen. (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy permits direct, noninvasive measurements of liver glycogen content and has increased understanding of the relevance of liver glycogen during exercise. In contrast to muscle, endurance-trained athletes do not exhibit elevated basal liver glycogen concentrations. However, there is evidence that liver glycogenolysis may be lower in endurance-trained athletes compared with untrained controls during moderate- to high-intensity exercise. Therefore, liver glycogen sparing in an endurance-trained state may account partly for training-induced performance/capacity adaptations during prolonged (>90 min) exercise. Ingestion of carbohydrate at a relatively high rate (>1.5 g/min) can prevent liver glycogen depletion during moderate-intensity exercise independent of the type of carbohydrate (e.g., glucose vs. sucrose) ingested. To minimize gastrointestinal discomfort, it is recommended to ingest specific combinations or types of carbohydrates (glucose plus fructose and/or sucrose). By coingesting glucose with either galactose or fructose, postexercise liver glycogen repletion rates can be doubled. There are currently no guidelines for carbohydrate ingestion to maximize liver glycogen repletion.

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Section: Historical Perspective On Liver Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise

Gonzalez

Fuchs

Betts

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

142

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another suggested explanation for the significantly greater weight reduction observed on the low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (diet II) is the substantial depletion of the glycogen stores -1 g of glycogen binds 3-4 g of water -that occurs on a low-carbohydrate diet. A reduction of the glycogen pool has been demonstrated to occur both during short-term fasting (6,8) and after ingestion of high-fat meals (2,9,10). Whether there actually is a diminution of the glycogen stores over a period of 13-78 days under the described experimental conditions, sufficient to explain mean daily weight variations of as much as 64 g, cannot be decided on the basis of the data published in the literature relative to the behavior of the glycogen stores (6,8).…”

Section: Rabast / Kasper /Schonbornmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reduction of the glycogen pool has been demonstrated to occur both during short-term fasting (6,8) and after ingestion of high-fat meals (2,9,10). Whether there actually is a diminution of the glycogen stores over a period of 13-78 days under the described experimental conditions, sufficient to explain mean daily weight variations of as much as 64 g, cannot be decided on the basis of the data published in the literature relative to the behavior of the glycogen stores (6,8). The suggested operation of an effect which raises the metabolic rate (7) receives further support from investigations on experimental animals (18) in which an increase in oxygen uptake and thermogenesis had been observed on a high-fat diet, but not on a highcarbohydrate diet.…”

Section: Rabast / Kasper /Schonbornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies in Obese Subjects Fed Carbohydrate-Restricted and High Carbohydrate 1,000-Calorie Formula Diets

Rabast¹,

Kasper²,

Schönborn³

1978

Ann Nutr Metab

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45 obese subjects were fed a high-carbohydrate, relatively low-fat, or a low-carbohydrate, relatively high-fat 1,000-calorie (4.14MJ) formula diet. The diet provided for an isoenergetic substitution of 170 g of carbohydrates for 75 g of fat. Weight reduction up to day 30 was significantly higher in the subjects on the carbohydrate-restricted diet. There were no significant differences between the water and electrolyte balances. The mean total weight reduction achieved on the high-carbohydrate diet was 9.8 ± 4.5 kg with a mean daily weight loss of 298 ± 80 g, while the corresponding values on the carbohydrate-restricted diet were 14 ± 7.2 kg and 362 ± 91 g/day, respectively.

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Blood Glucose and Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Man

Felig¹

1969

Arch Intern Med

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The glucagon response of fasting obese subjects

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise

Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise

Comparative Studies in Obese Subjects Fed Carbohydrate-Restricted and High Carbohydrate 1,000-Calorie Formula Diets

Blood Glucose and Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Man

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