The global trade in native Australian parrots through Singapore between 2005 and 2011: a summary of trends and dynamics

Low, Bing Wen

doi:10.1071/mu13094_co

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Alien species are probably more expensive because of reduced availability, as there are fewer alien birds for sale in Taiwanese pet shops than natives. Alien species must be imported from overseas [ 60 ], and higher prices presumably reflect importation costs ( Fig 1 ). Moreover, higher prices could also reflect the scarcity of captive-bred individuals, particularly for species included on CITES Appendix l. The price inflation for species as alien versus as native is also illustrated by the comparative prices of species in bird markets in different countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Cheap: Determinants of Bird Price in the Taiwanese Pet Market

Cassey

Vall‐llosera

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundInternational wildlife trade is the largest emerging source of vertebrate invasive alien species. In order to prevent invasions, it is essential to understand the mechanics of trade and, in particular, which traded species are most likely to be released or escape into the wild. A species’ economic value is a key factor, because we expect cheaper species to be less assiduously secured against escaping, and more likely to be deliberately released. Here, we investigate determinants of the price of species in the Taiwanese bird trade. Taiwan is an international hub for bird trade, and several native species are threatened by alien bird species.MethodologyWe investigated the relationship between the traded species sale price in Taiwan and the species availability for trade (the number of birds for sale, geographic range size and their origin, conservation and CITES status) and traits (body size, coloration, song attractiveness). We used phylogenetic generalized least squares models, with multi-model inference, to assess the variables that are best related to the price of birds in the Taiwanese pet trade.Principal Findings / ConclusionsWe found that species available for sale in larger numbers, native to Taiwan, not globally endangered, and small-bodied are all relatively cheaper, as too are species lacking yellow coloration and without attractive songs. Our models of price revealed high levels of phylogenetic correlation, and hence that closely related species tended to be sold for similar prices. We suggest that, on the basis of price, native species are more likely to be deliberately or accidentally released than alien species. Nevertheless, our survey of bird shops recorded 160 species alien to Taiwan (7,631 individuals), several of which are for sale cheaply and in large numbers. Alien bird species in trade therefore present an ongoing, non-trivial invasion risk on the island.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going Cheap: Determinants of Bird Price in the Taiwanese Pet Market

Cassey

Vall‐llosera

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…Such a subspecies‐based invasive risk assessment can provide more realistic guidelines to ultimately legislate for smart regulations and management that reconciles biological conservation and economic reality. Here applied to B. terrestris trade, such an approach should be extended to all traded organisms where a subspecific polymorphism is known and used by companies to select the best strain from a commercial point of view such as Australian parrots or rice (Song & Carter ; Low ). However, SDM‐based invasive risk assessments should still be critically considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving International Trade Regulation by Considering Intraspecific Variation for Invasion Risk Assessment of Commercially Traded Species: TheBombus terrestrisCase

Lecocq

Rasmont

Alexander

et al. 2015

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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International trade of species facilitates the establishment of nonnative organisms. Highlighting areas potentially suitable for invasive species (risk areas) allows for effective importation regulations to prevent the spread of and the potential damage caused by such species. Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to predict risk areas but they usually disregard intraspecific differentiation and corresponding differences in climatic requirements. We used Bombus terrestris as an example of a commonly traded species and developed SDMs at the species-and subspecies-level to assess the value of subspecific information for risk area predictions. We show that species-level models are less efficient than subspecies-based SDMs and that risk areas differ considerably between subspecies. Therefore, the invasive potential of a species can depend on the subspecies imported and the particular climatic condition of the target area. This paves the way to novel policy-relevant guidelines to legislate for smart regulations instead of complete import interdictions.

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“…). Japan also imports from secondary distribution hubs like Singapore, a secondary hub for re‐export of species primarily imported from African countries such as South Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Low , Poole & Shepherd ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a volume of import is expected to have a large impact on the survival of the wild populations of the traded birds. Yet, little attention has been paid to the international bird trade to Japan, particularly in comparison with other, better studied major bird consumer East Asian countries, such as China, Singapore, Taiwan and Indonesia (Jepson & Ladle , Li & Jiang , Low , Su et al . , Poole & Shepherd , Harris et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

Trends and characteristics of imports of live CITES‐listed bird species into Japan

Vall‐llosera

2018

Ibis

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Understanding the characteristics of the international bird trade is critical for preventing the traffic of endangered species. Japan is the second largest importer of birds for the pet industry globally, yet little research has examined its role in the international trade of live exotic birds. We used reports to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Trade Database to conduct the first quantitative analysis of the live commercial bird imports to Japan. We also investigated whether the volume of import is influenced by factors related to species availability. We analysed close to 2 million live bird imports by Japan from 1979 to 2015. The volume of imports peaked in 1999 and then declined until 2008, when imports increased again. Japan imported 603 bird species, mostly parrots (64%), owls (11%) and raptors (9%), from 92 different countries. Most imported birds were reported to be captive-bred (70%), and key exporters were Belgium (23%), the Netherlands (15%) and Singapore (12%). The most frequently imported bird species had widespread distributions and were not of high conservation concern, so we concluded that bird imports were restricted by the availability of bird species to the international market. Research effort in countries that engage heavily in wildlife trade is necessary to understand the impacts of the trade on bird conservation, and to monitor captive bird populations outside their native ranges.

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The global trade in native Australian parrots through Singapore between 2005 and 2011: a summary of trends and dynamics

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Going Cheap: Determinants of Bird Price in the Taiwanese Pet Market

Going Cheap: Determinants of Bird Price in the Taiwanese Pet Market

Improving International Trade Regulation by Considering Intraspecific Variation for Invasion Risk Assessment of Commercially Traded Species: TheBombus terrestrisCase

Trends and characteristics of imports of live CITES‐listed bird species into Japan

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