The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene)

Castradori, Davide; Rio, Domenico; Hilgen, F.J.; Lourens, Lucas Joost

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/003

Cited by 69 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The GSSP of the Piacenzian Stage was ratified in 1997 in the Punta Piccola section (Sicily, Italy) (Castradori et al . ) at the base of the beige marl bed of small‐scale carbonate cycle 77, in correspondence with the precessional cycle 347 (from the present) at 3.6 Ma (GTS12). The Gilbert/Gauss (C2Ar/C2An.3n) magnetic reversal is documented immediately above the GSSP (at 3.596 Ma; GTS12) and is considered the primary tool to denote the base of the Piacenzian.…”

Section: Overview Of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphysupporting

confidence: 58%

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Agnini

Monechi

Raffi

2017

LET

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Calcareous nannofossils are considered one of the most powerful biostratigraphical tool in marine carbonate sediments especially in open ocean settings. Their origination goes at least as far back as the Triassic (ca. 220 Ma) when they first biomineralized and produced calcite skeletons. Since then, they have evolved rapidly showing widespread biogeographical distributions. Starting from the 1950s, changes in calcareous nannofossil assemblages have been used to date rocks and sediments and a fundamental step was achieved two decades later with the publication of the first comprehensive biostratigraphical schemes. Standardized quantitative counting methods, unambiguous taxonomy as well as highly resolved data sets provide high-quality biostratigraphical datums which, in turn, result in the precise positioning of calcareous nannofossil biohorizons and in the construction of reliable biostratigraphical frameworks. Here, we use recently published Cenozoic biozonations as a framework to present an overview of the calcareous nannofossil biohorizons which are used in chronostratigraphy to denote Cenozoic Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point

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Section: Overview Of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphysupporting

confidence: 58%

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Agnini

Monechi

Raffi

2017

LET

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“…This species temporarily disappears above the base of cycle 79, up to cycle 88, and is discontinuously present above. In cycle 79 the last occurrence (LO) of Globorotalia puncticulata is recorded, slightly above the GSSP of the Piacenzian that is defined at the Gilbert‐Gauss magnetic boundary in cycle 77 [ Castradori et al , 1998]. Therefore the three studied basal cycles belong to the M Pl 4a Subzone of Sprovieri [1993].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Hilgen [1991] and Lourens et al [1996] reported the sequence of lithological cycles throughout the Punta Piccola section, which covers the interval from the upper part of M Pl 4a to the middle part of the M Pl 5a biozones [ Sprovieri , 1993]. In lithologic cycle 77 at the base of the sampled section, Castradori et al [1998] defined the GSSP of the Piacenzian stage. Finally, the sapropel at the top of the section (lithologic cycle A5) can be correlated to the Nicola bed of the Monte San Nicola section, in which the GSSP of the Gelasian was defined [ Rio et al , 1998].…”

Section: Punta Piccola Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we present the results of a high‐resolution (∼1 sample/700 years) quantitative study of the planktonic foraminifera assemblage collected from the Punta Piccola section which is unit stratotype for the Piacenzian stage [ Hilgen et al , 2006], since at its base the global standard stratotype‐section and point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian stage [ Castradori et al , 1998] was defined and the base of the Gelasian stage (correlated to the “Nicola bed” in the Monte S. Nicola section [ Rio et al , 1998]) is present at the top.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astronomic forcing on the planktonic foraminifera assemblage in the Piacenzian Punta Piccola section (southern Italy)

Sprovieri

Caruso

et al. 2006

Paleoceanography

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A high‐resolution quantitative analysis of the calcareous planktonic assemblages (planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils) at the Punta Piccola section (at the base of which, the global standard stratotype‐section and point of the Piacenzian stage is defined) provided a more accurate biostratigraphy for the Mediterranean middle Pliocene (2.6–3.6 Ma). In particular, an astronomically calibrated age of 2.87 Ma was estimated for the Pliocene first occurrence of Neogloboquadrina atlantica instead of the younger previously proposed age of 2.72 Ma. Spectral analysis performed on the Globigerinoides species (spp.) planktonic foraminifera assemblage along with cross‐spectral analysis between the same record and the astronomic target curve La(041,1) calculated for the summer season (June–July) at 65°N provided solid evidence that the Globigerinoides spp. group of planktonic species is a reliable recorder of orbital forcing and can be appropriately used for astronomical tuning of marine sedimentary records. The same procedures of spectral analysis were applied to the individual species that constitute the Globigerinoides spp. group (G. ruber, G. obliquus, and G. quadrilobatus), thus resolving their different frequency structures and species‐specific response to the different astronomic periodicities. Whereas G. obliquus and G. quadrilobatus appear primarily controlled by precession, G. ruber is largely forced by obliquity. Small ecological differences, mainly related to dissimilar food quality requirements, were assumed to distinctively control the time distribution of the two groups of species. Precessionally forced oligotrophic conditions in the surface Mediterranean waters, induced by summer continental runoff, led to a dominance of copepods‐based dietary, typical of G. quadrilobatus. Conversely, obliquity cycles drove the abundance distribution of G. ruber in the sea surface waters of the Mediterranean, influencing the sea surface temperature, light intensity, and/or phytoplankton distribution. Sub‐Milankovitch periodicities (cycles ∼1500, 2500, 3000, and 4500 years long) are reliably detected in the faunal records, suggesting that millennial‐scale variability punctuated the Mediterranean climate regime during the interval of the middle Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation.

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“…The Pliocene (5.3 to 2.6 million years ago (Ma)), specifically the mid-Piacenzian 1,2 (3.6 to 2.6 Ma), has been a focus of synoptic paleoclimate research for the past 25 years. The mid Piacenzian warm period (3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is the most recent time in Earth’s past that exhibited climates not unlike those projected for the end of the 21st century 3 .…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

A global planktic foraminifer census data set for the Pliocene ocean

2015

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This article presents data derived by the USGS Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project. PRISM has generated planktic foraminifer census data from core sites and outcrops around the globe since 1988. These data form the basis of a number of paleoceanographic reconstructions focused on the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (3.264 to 3.025 million years ago). Data are presented as counts of individuals within 64 taxonomic categories for each locality. We describe sample acquisition and processing, age dating, taxonomy and archival storage of material. These data provide a unique, stratigraphically focused opportunity to assess the effects of global warming on marine plankton.

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The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian Stage (Middle Pliocene)

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Astronomic forcing on the planktonic foraminifera assemblage in the Piacenzian Punta Piccola section (southern Italy)

A global planktic foraminifer census data set for the Pliocene ocean

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