2011
DOI: 10.1007/s10526-011-9379-1
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The global spread of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): distribution, dispersal and routes of invasion

Abstract: Released as a biological control agent of aphids and coccids, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has spread from Asia to four additional continents. Since 1988 H. axyridis has established in at least 38 countries in its introduced range: three countries in North America, six in South America, 26 in Europe and three in Africa. In different continents the species has spread at rates estimated between 100 and 500 km year -1 . Here, the global spread of H. axyridis is thoroughly reviewed. Mechanisms of … Show more

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Cited by 255 publications
(297 citation statements)
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References 100 publications
(110 reference statements)
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“…Whilst primarily an aphid-feeder, it can also feed on many other insects, including coccinellids and other aphidophagous insects (Yasuda and Shinya 1997;Gardiner and Landis 2007;Ware and Majerus 2008). It was released as a BCA for classical biological control in the USA and several European countries (see Bale 2011 andBrown et al 2011b for a review). After an apparent lag phase it has established in various countries (Roy and Wajnberg 2008a) where it has been shown to negatively affect native insect communities, the North American wine industry (Pickering et al 2004;Galvan et al 2007) and human well-being (Roy and Wajnberg 2008b).…”
Section: Intraguild Predationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Whilst primarily an aphid-feeder, it can also feed on many other insects, including coccinellids and other aphidophagous insects (Yasuda and Shinya 1997;Gardiner and Landis 2007;Ware and Majerus 2008). It was released as a BCA for classical biological control in the USA and several European countries (see Bale 2011 andBrown et al 2011b for a review). After an apparent lag phase it has established in various countries (Roy and Wajnberg 2008a) where it has been shown to negatively affect native insect communities, the North American wine industry (Pickering et al 2004;Galvan et al 2007) and human well-being (Roy and Wajnberg 2008b).…”
Section: Intraguild Predationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Harmonia axyridis has become the most common ladybird in several countries where various non-target effects have already been reported (Brown et al 2011b). Ecological studies in a number of European countries have shown that certain aphidophagous species may be harmed by H. axyridis.…”
Section: Intraguild Predationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was widely 154 introduced as a biological control agent of pest aphids, but has spread to many countries within 155 which it was not intentionally released (Brown et al 2008a). The global invasion of H. axyridis has 156 been rapid (Brown et al 2011b). Concerns about the adverse impact of H. axyridis particularly on…”
Section: Introduction 152mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been reported in all but two US states [6]. In western Europe, H. axyridis was first introduced in 1982 in France and is now considered established in 26 European countries [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was first introduced in North America in 1916 for biological control of agricultural pests such as aphids and scale insects on crops including citrus, maize, and tobacco [4,5]. It has been reported in all but two US states [6]. In western Europe, H. axyridis was first introduced in 1982 in France and is now considered established in 26 European countries [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%