The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

MDM2 inhibitors-mediated disruption of mitochondrial metabolism: A novel therapeutic strategy for retinoblastoma

“…For early diagnosed tumors, chemotherapy (combination of vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide (VCE) as standard of care or topotecan, anthracyclines, and melphalan as alternative therapies) in association with adjunctive local treatment increases globe survival in approximately (90%) of cases when the treatment is promptly initiated (4,5), while plaque radiotherapy is used as the last option (6). Enucleation is the most common approach for preventing metastasis in patients with advanced retinoblastoma (1). Although retinoblastoma etiopathogenesis has been debated for a long time, recent studies have demonstrated that retinoblastoma arises from post-mitotic cone precursors during the development (7)(8)(9).…”

“…Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular pediatric cancer that arise in the retina. In developing countries that harbor approximately 80% of patients with retinoblastoma, the mortality rate is about 60% ( 1 ). Worldwide, the standard incidence rate of retinoblastoma varies from 1.8 (in native Americans) to 6.0 (in Southeast Asian population) per million person-years in children aged 0-14 years, occurring as a bilateral or unilateral disease ( 2 , 3 ).…”

The feasibility of implementing Toronto childhood cancer stage guidelines and estimating the impact on outcome for childhood cancers in seven pediatric oncology units in sub‐Saharan Africa. A study from the Franco‐African Pediatric Oncology Group

“…3 For example, survival of 4064 retinoblastoma patients treated in 260 centers worldwide was shown to decrease between 12 and 24 months post diagnosis and was catastrophic for metastatic disease. 36 Therefore, it is important that the required follow-up be extended to at least 5 years, which is the reference survival time reported by most PBCRs.…”

Intraarterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in low and lower-middle-income countries – Can we break the barriers?

“…Retinoblastoma is more common in low and lower-middle-income countries (LLMC) and manifests at a relatively more advanced stage with suboptimal outcome. [ 1 , 2 ] The introduction of intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) three decades ago heralded a paradigm change in the management of retinoblastoma. [ 3 ] The simple and cost-effective IVC protocol using commonly available drugs could be easily adapted by LLMC.…”