The global, regional and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past, present and future: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Ye, Junjun; Wu, Yalan; Yang, Shuhui; Zhu, Dan; Chen, Fengwu; Chen, Jingxian; Ji, Xinge; Hou, Kaijian

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1192629

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…By additionally covering the pandemic period in our study, the observed decreasing incidence trend in Bavaria, Germany, not only aligns with these recent findings but allows for further assessment of the pandemic effect. In contrast to these recent international findings, a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, which included 204 countries and territories, found an increase in type 2 diabetes incidence globally from 184.6 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 259.9 per 100,000 population in 2019 [ 19 ]. A recent study on incidence trends in Germany based on nationwide health claims data supports our results, also observing a decrease in incidence trend from 2014 to 2019 by 2.4% for women and 1.7% for men, with lower rates of 8.4 for men and 6.9 per 1000 people for women in 2014 and 7.7 for men and 6.1 per 1000 people for women in 2019 [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence trend of type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2021 in Germany: an analysis of health claims data of 11 million statutorily insured people

Lehner,

Eberl,

Donnachie

et al. 2024

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study is to describe the time trend of type 2 diabetes incidence in the largest state of Germany, Bavaria, from 2012 to 2021, and to compare the incidence rates during the pandemic period (2020–2021) to the pre-pandemic period (2012–2019). Methods This secondary data analysis uses health claims data provided by the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (KVB), covering approximately 11 million insurees, accounting for 85% of the total population of Bavaria, Germany. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes cases in adults (≥20 years) coded as E11 (Diabetes mellitus, Type 2) or E14 (Unspecified diabetes mellitus) under ICD-10, German modification (ICD-10-GM) for the study period 2012 to 2021 were included. Annual and quarterly age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) stratified by sex, age and region were calculated using the European standard population. Sex-specific crude incidence rates (CIR) were calculated using 10-year age groups. Regression analyses adjusted for time trends, seasonal effects, and pandemic effects were used to analyse the incidence trend and to assess the effect of the pandemic. Results Overall, 745,861 new cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed between 2012 and 2021: 50.4% (376,193 cases) in women. The male/female ratio remained stable over the observation period, while the median age at diagnosis decreased from 61 to 58 years in men and from 66 years to 61 years in women. ASIR were consistently higher for men compared with women, with the yearly difference remaining stable over time (2012: 18%; 2021: 20%). An overall decreasing trend in ASIR was observed during the study period, with a strong decrease from 2012 to 2017, followed by a less pronounced decline from 2018 to 2021 for both sexes. For men, ASIR decreased from 1514 per 100,000 person-years in 2012 to 995 per 100,000 person-years in 2021 (4.6% average annual reduction), and for women from 1238 per 100,000 person-years in 2012 to 796 per 100,000 person-years in 2021 (4.8% average annual reduction). This downward trend was also observed for age groups above 50 years. Regression analyses showed no significant change in incidence rates during the pandemic period (2020 and 2021) compared with the pre-pandemic period. Conclusions/interpretation For the first time, a 10-year incidence trend of type 2 diabetes is reported for Germany, showing a strong decline from 2012 to 2017, followed by a less pronounced decline from 2018 to 2021. The incidence trend of type 2 diabetes appears not to have been affected by the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite an overall increasing prevalence, the incidence is decreasing, potentially resulting from robust screening by family physicians, reducing the median age at diagnosis by 3 to 5 years. However, further investigation is needed to fully identify the reasons for the declining incidence trend. Continued incidence monitoring is necessary to identify the long-term trend and the potential effect of the pandemic on diagnoses of type 2 diabetes. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence trend of type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2021 in Germany: an analysis of health claims data of 11 million statutorily insured people

Lehner,

Eberl,

Donnachie

et al. 2024

Diabetologia

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“…T2DM is associated with a 15% higher risk of premature death and a roughly 20-year reduction in life expectancy. This escalating problem necessitates a deeper understanding of T2DM's epidemiological characteristics to develop effective mitigation strategies (3).…”

Section: The Escalating Global Burden Of T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, global ASIR, age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), ASMR, and agestandardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) due to T2DM were 259.9, 5282.9, 18.5, and 801.5 per 100,000 population, respectively. Projections indicate further increases in ASIR and ASMR from 2030 to 2034 (3).…”

Section: The Escalating Global Burden Of T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the progress of artificial intelligence in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review of present innovations and anticipated challenges ahead

Tahir,

Farhan

2023

Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc.

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A significant worldwide health issue, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) calls for creative solutions. This in-depth review examines the growing severity of T2DM and the requirement for individualized management approaches. It explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the treatment of diabetes, highlighting its potential for diagnosis, customized treatment plans, and patient self-management. The paper highlights the roles played by AI applications such as expert systems, machine learning algorithms, and deep learning approaches in the identification of retinopathy, the interpretation of clinical guidelines, and prediction models. Examined are difficulties with individualized diabetes treatment, including complex technological issues and patient involvement. The review highlights the revolutionary potential of AI in the management of diabetes and calls for a balanced strategy in which AI supports clinical knowledge. It is crucial to pay attention to ethical issues, data privacy, and joint research initiatives.

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“…Obesity is defined by a body mass index (BMI) of more than or equal to 30 kg/m2, which occurs due to the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, resulting in excess accumulation of body fat (WHO and CDC). Another metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and is increasing in prevalence is diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly T2DM, which accounts for 90–95% of all patients with diabetes and is expected to increase to 439 million by 2030 ( 4 , 5 ). Both obesity and T2DM are complex metabolic disorders of multifaceted etiology accompanied by a series of complications, including macrovascular diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart attacks, coronary artery disease, strokes, cerebral vascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease), microvascular diseases (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy), and cancers ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the correlation of sclerostin levels with obesity and type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic population living in Kuwait

Alramah,

Cherian,

Al-Khairi

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are intricate metabolic disorders with a multifactorial etiology, often leading to a spectrum of complications. Recent research has highlighted the impact of these conditions on bone health, with a particular focus on the role of sclerostin (SOST), a protein molecule integral to bone metabolism. Elevated circulating levels of SOST have been observed in patients with T2DM compared to healthy individuals. This study aims to examine the circulating levels of SOST in a multiethnic population living in Kuwait and to elucidate the relationship between SOST levels, obesity, T2DM, and ethnic background. The study is a cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of 2083 individuals living in Kuwait. The plasma level of SOST was measured using a bone panel multiplex assay. The study found a significant increase in SOST levels in individuals with T2DM (1008.3 pg/mL, IQR-648) compared to non-diabetic individuals (710.6 pg/mL, IQR-479). There was a significant gender difference in median SOST levels, with males exhibiting higher levels than females across various covariates (diabetes, IR, age, weight, and ethnicity). Notably, SOST levels varied significantly with ethnicity: Arabs (677.4 pg/mL, IQR-481.7), South Asians (914.6 pg/mL, IQR-515), and Southeast Asians (695.2 pg/mL, IQR-436.8). Furthermore, SOST levels showed a significant positive correlation with gender, age, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, ALT, and AST (p-Value ≥0.05). South Asian participants, who exhibited the highest SOST levels, demonstrated the most pronounced associations, even after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and diabetes status (p-Value ≥0.05). The observed correlations of SOST with various clinical parameters suggest its significant role in the diabetic milieu, particularly pronounced in the South Asian population compared to other ethnic groups.

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The global, regional and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past, present and future: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Incidence trend of type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2021 in Germany: an analysis of health claims data of 11 million statutorily insured people

Incidence trend of type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2021 in Germany: an analysis of health claims data of 11 million statutorily insured people

Exploring the progress of artificial intelligence in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review of present innovations and anticipated challenges ahead

Evaluating the correlation of sclerostin levels with obesity and type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic population living in Kuwait

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