The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Tibúrcio-Machado, Camilla dos Santos; Michelon, Cleonice Maria; Zanatta, Fabrício Batistin; Gomes, Maximiliano Schünke; Marin, Janice Almerinda; Bier, Carlos Alexandre Souza

doi:10.1111/iej.13467

Cited by 212 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Periapical periodontitis, a common oral disorder with a reported prevalence of 5% at the tooth level and 52% at the individual level, is primarily characterized by infection of root canals and inflammatory periapical tissues, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone ( 261 ). Enterococcus faecalis and P. gingivalis are commonly detected pathogens in infected root canals and apical root surfaces of periapical periodontitis, respectively ( 183 , 262 ).…”

Section: Inflammasomes In Inflammatory Osteolysis Of the Alveolar Bone And Jawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Ling

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast–osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.

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Section: Inflammasomes In Inflammatory Osteolysis Of the Alveolar Bone And Jawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Ling

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Представляючи собою хронічне одонтогенне запальне вогнище, періодонтит служить джерелом сенсибілізації організму хворого, що призводить до значних змін імунного статусу, зниження рівня неспецифічної резистентності, розвитку та ускладнення перебігу різних соматичних захворювань [2]. Періапікальний запальний процес є найбільш частою патологією періапікальних структур зубів [3]. Апікальний періодонтит є наслідком пенетрації інфекції крізь ендодонтичний простір та представляє собою відповідь організму на ворожу мікробну активність [4].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Results of X-Ray and Densitometric Investigation in Patients With Destructive Forms of Apical Periodontitis in Early Follow Up Period

Lysokon

Iskiv

Luchinskyi

2021

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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This article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various treatment approaches, including bone mixture “mp3, Osteobiol, and platelet-enriched plasma, in the therapy of destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the early follow-up. The aim of this work is to investigate the dynamic changes in radiological and densitometric parameters depending on the treatment methods for patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the early follow up period. The study involved 185 patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis, who were examined and receive the treatment. The subjects were divided into 4 groups. Measurements of the size of the lesion in the bone tissue (for lesions of round shape) were performed by the formula: S = πr2. The area of lesions of elliptical shape was measured by the formula S = π ab, where π = 3.14; r = the radius of the circle; a = the value of the major half-axis of the ellipse; b = the length of the small half-axis of the ellipse. After 3 months of the follow up, the patients of group IV, who received the composition of platelet-rich plasma and osteoplastic material mp3 OsteoBiol, demonstrated an increase in the number of the lesions of the periapical zone sized 1.6-10 mm2 in 1.7 times, while the number of the subjects with foci of bone destruction sized 11–20 mm2 and 21–30 mm2 lowered in 2.8 times and 2.0 times, respectively. In 3 months of the follow up period, the patients of group IV showed the values of Rtg scoring of bone tissues destruction in the apical area with a lesion area of 1.6-20 mm that averaged 2.13±0.10 scores and indicated a reduction of the periapical process by 1/3. The average Rtg score in the patients of group IV (0.92 ± 0.10 points) was significantly higher than in the individuals in groups I and II, p, p 1 <0.01, and was equal to the findings obtained in the individuals of the group III, p2 > 0.05. The relative indicator of bone tissue repair in this follow up was characterized by the minimum values in the individuals of groups I and II: 0.49 ± 0.05 and 0.57 ± 0.06, p <0.05, respectively. In the groups III and IV, the value of the relative indicators of bone tissue repair were significantly higher and scored 4.82 ± 0.54, p, p1 <0.01, and 6.94 ± 0.77, p, p1 <0.01, p2 < 0.05, respectively. At the same time, the average Rtg scoring in patients of group IV was significantly higher than in the participants of groups I and II, and was identical to the values in the subjects of group III. This study has demonstrated the successful outcomes of the treatment of dystrophic forms of apical periodontitis in the early follow up period when applying the composition based on platelet-rich plasma and osteoplastic material "mp3 OsteoBiol".

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“…More recently, oral diseases related to CVD apart from periodontitis have also been investigated, such as apical (or periapical) periodontitis, which is an infection of the tooth and root canal system leading to destruction of the surrounding tissues [16]. More than half the population have been found to have apical periodontitis on at least one tooth, which is often presented as a chronic disease [17]. A systematic review reported an association between CVD and chronic apical infection, which suggests that while oral infections elicit a local tissue response, there are wider, systemic effects [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Dental Periapical Abscess and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

Hassan

Lip

Bisson

et al. 2021

JCM

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There are limited data on the relationship of acute dental infections with hospitalisation and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to assess the relationship between acute periapical abscess and incident AF. This was a retrospective cohort study from a French national database of patients hospitalized in 2013 (3.4 million patients) with at least five years of follow up. In total, 3,056,291 adults (55.1% female) required hospital admission in French hospitals in 2013 while not having a history of AF. Of 4693 patients classified as having dental periapical abscess, 435 (9.27%) developed AF, compared to 326,241 (10.69%) without dental periapical abscess that developed AF over a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 1.7 years. Multivariable analysis indicated that dental periapical abscess acted as an independent predictor for new onset AF (p < 0.01). The CHA2DS2VASc score in patients with acute dental periapical abscess had moderate predictive value for development of AF, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71–0.76). An increased risk of new onset AF was identified for individuals hospitalized with dental periapical abscess. Careful follow up of patients with severe, acute dental periapical infections is needed for incident AF, as well as investigations of possible mechanisms linking these conditions.

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The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract: Tib urcio-Machado CS, Michelon C, Zanatta FB, Gomes MS, Marin JA, Bier CA. The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cited by 212 publications

References 131 publications

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Results of X-Ray and Densitometric Investigation in Patients With Destructive Forms of Apical Periodontitis in Early Follow Up Period

Acute Dental Periapical Abscess and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

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