“…Thus, the two QS systems of P. aeruginosa are hierarchically arranged with the las system being on top of the signalling cascade (Latifi et al, 1996). A number of regulators, including Vfr (Albus et al, 1997), GacA (Reimmann et al, 1997), RsaL (De Kievit et al, 1999), MvaT (Diggle et al, 2002), RsmA (Pessi et al, 2001), DksA (Jude et al, 2003), QscR (Chugani et al, 2001), and VqsR (Juhas et al, 2004), have been identified that are involved in modulating the QS circuitry. An additional signal molecule, the P. aeruginosa quinolone signal, adds a further level of complexity, as it provides a link between the las and rhl systems (Pesci et al, 1999) by modulating expression of rhlRI and lasRI (McKnight et al, 2000;Diggle et al, 2003).…”