The Global Paleomonsoon as seen through speleothem records from Asia and the Americas

Cheng, Hai; Sinha, Ashish; Wang, Xiangfeng; Cruz, F. W.; Edwards, R. Lawrence

doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1363-7

Cited by 329 publications

(257 citation statements)

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“…Global-scale variations in the hydrologic balance have been well documented during HS, in particular the antiphased response in the summer monsoon regimes of both hemispheres [Broecker et al, 2009;Cheng et al, 2012;Chiessi et al, 2009;Cruz et al, 2005;Dupont et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2004]. The antiphased tropical precipitation response results from an adjustment in the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to cooling in extratropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere and consequent changes in the interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient [Chiang and Bitz, 2005;Cvijanovic and Chiang, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, over the Central American and African monsoon domains [Escobar et al, 2012;Stager et al, 2011] paleoprecipitation reconstructions suggest a double-plunge structure during HS1, with severe droughts peaking at~17 and 16 kyr B.P.. Yet despite the increased number of studies that report abrupt changes in summer monsoon regimes in both hemispheres [Cheng et al, 2012;Chiessi et al, 2009;Dupont et al, 2010], the timing and structure of HS1 over the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) domain are still poorly documented. Understanding the exact timing of climate anomalies during HS1 in the tropics is, however, a necessity to assess if climatic perturbations reported from different monsoon domains represent synchronous Unlike most other monsoon systems, SAMS precipitation is largely concentrated in tropical areas, with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) (Figure 1) as an important monsoon component, protruding as a lower tropospheric convective belt from the western Amazon to southeastern Brazil and the South Atlantic [Gandu and Silva Dias, 1998;Chen and Weng, 1999;Carvalho et al, 2004;Vera et al, 2006;Marengo et al, 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing and structure of Mega‐SACZ events during Heinrich Stadial 1

Stríkis

Chiessi

Cruz

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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115

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A substantial strengthening of the South American monsoon system (SAMS) during Heinrich Stadials (HS) points toward decreased cross‐equatorial heat transport as the main driver of monsoonal hydroclimate variability at millennial time scales. In order to better constrain the exact timing and internal structure of HS1 over tropical South America, we assessed two precisely dated speleothem records from central‐eastern and northeastern Brazil in combination with two marine records of terrestrial organic and inorganic matter input into the western equatorial Atlantic. During HS1, we recognize at least two events of widespread intensification of the SAMS across the entire region influenced by the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) at 16.11–14.69 kyr B.P. and 18.1–16.66 kyr B.P. (labeled as HS1a and HS1c, respectively), separated by a dry excursion from 16.66 to 16.11 kyr B.P. (HS1b). In view of the spatial structure of precipitation anomalies, the widespread increase of monsoon precipitation over the SACZ domain was termed “Mega‐SACZ.”

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and structure of Mega‐SACZ events during Heinrich Stadial 1

Stríkis

Chiessi

Cruz

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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115

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“…For the XBL record, the dominant variability (47.3% of the total variance) is captured by the component C9-10, and shows variability with a δ 18 O c range of ∼5‰ that is coincident with NHSI at the precessional timescale (∼23 kyr) (Fig. 2) (21)(22)(23)(24)(25), thus strengthening the hypothesis that both the Indian and East Asian summer monsoons vary directly in response to changes in NHSI on precessional timescales (7,26). Our results contradict the hypothesis that winter precipitation affects the phase of EASM cave δ…”

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confidence: 99%

Variability of stalagmite-inferred Indian monsoon precipitation over the past 252,000 y

Cai

Fung

Edwards

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A speleothem δ 18O record from Xiaobailong cave in southwest China characterizes changes in summer monsoon precipitation in Northeastern India, the Himalayan foothills, Bangladesh, and northern Indochina over the last 252 kyr. This record is dominated by 23-kyr precessional cycles punctuated by prominent millennialscale oscillations that are synchronous with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. It also shows clear glacial-interglacial variations that are consistent with marine and other terrestrial proxies but are different from the cave records in East China. Corroborated by isotope-enabled global circulation modeling, we hypothesize that this disparity reflects differing changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture trajectories associated with climate forcing as well as with associated topographic changes during glacial periods, in particular redistribution of air mass above the growing ice sheets and the exposure of the "land bridge" in the Maritime continents in the western equatorial Pacific.he Indian summer monsoon (ISM), a key component of tropical climate, provides vital precipitation to southern Asia. The ISM is characterized by two regions of precipitation maxima: a narrow coastal region along the Western Ghats, denoted by ISM A , with moisture from the Arabian Sea, and a broad "Monsoon Zone" around 20°N in northeastern India, denoted by ISM B , where storms emanate from the Bay of Bengal and whose rainfall variability is well correlated with that of "All India" rainfall (1). Multiple proxies obtained from Arabian Sea sediments have revealed the variability of summer monsoon winds on timescales of 10 1 to 10 5 y (e.g., refs. 2-6). Our understanding of the paleo-precipitation variability of ISM B remains incomplete, owing to the scarcity of long and high-resolution records. Here we present a 252,000-y-long speleothem δ 18 O record from Xiaobailong cave, southwest China and characterize variability in the ISM B precipitation on multiple timescales.Xiaobailong (XBL, "Little White Dragon") cave is located in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, near the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (103°21′E, 24°12′N, ∼1,500 m above sea level; SI Appendix, Fig. S1). Local climate is characterized by warm/wet summers and cool/dry winters. The mean annual precipitation of ∼960 mm falls mostly from June through September (∼80%) (SI Appendix, Fig. S2), indicating the summer monsoon rainfall dominates the annual precipitation at the cave site. The temperature in the cave is 17.2°C, close to local mean annual air temperature (17.3°C).Eight stalagmites were collected from the inner chamber (∼350 m from the entrance) of the cave, where humidity is ∼100% and ventilation is confined to a small crawl-in channel to the outer chamber. One hundred four 230 Th dates were determined on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers with typical relative error in age (2σ) of less than 1% (Methods and SI Appendix, Table S1 and Figs. S3 and S4). The ages vary monotonically with depth in the stalagmites (SI Appendix, Fig. S4...

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“…A particularly prominent example is provided by the speleotheme records from Asia and South America. Their nearly symmetric response of monsoons from the two Hemispheres to precession cycles clearly demonstrates the global connectivity of regional monsoon systems at geological timescales (Cheng et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 89%

“…El Nino-Southern Oscillation) and to external forcing by orbital insolation changes and tectonic factors such as the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Some papers provide observational evidence in support of the Global Monsoon concept (Wang et al 2011b;Cheng et al 2012). A particularly prominent example is provided by the speleotheme records from Asia and South America.…”

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confidence: 99%