The global nitrogen cycle: Past, present and future

Galloway, James N.

doi:10.1007/bf03187108

Cited by 54 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, strains A346 T and 3-1745 T were deficient in the Entner–Doudoroff pathway (M00008), which distinguishes the two novel strains from other species of the genus Marinobacterium . In terms of energy metabolism pathways, the nitrogen cycle is an important part of the global biogeochemical cycle, and plays an important role in biodiversity, climate change and human life [58]. Four strains had a complete nitrogen fixation pathway, indicating that they were important in providing a nitrogen source and improve oligotrophy in the marine environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Marinobacterium weihaiense sp. nov. and Marinobacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, and genomic properties of the genus Marinobacterium

Liu,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Microbial Genomics

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In this study, two novel bacterial strains were isolated from coastal sediment of Weihai, China. The two strains were Gram-stain-negative and facultatively aerobic, designated 3-1745T and A346T. Based on phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic properties, strains 3-1745T and A346T represent two novel species of the genus Marinobacterium . The results of genome analysis revealed many central carbohydrate metabolism pathways such as gluconeogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, tricyclic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and PRPP biosynthesis in the genus Marinobacterium . The ability of strains 3-1745T and A346T to utilize volatile fatty acids was experimentally confirmed. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases (PhaA, PhaB and PhaC) for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates were prevalent in the genus Marinobacterium . Multiple BGCs (biosynthetic gene clusters) including betalactone, ectoine, ranthipeptide, redox-cofactor, RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides) and T3PKS (polyketide synthases) in the genome of the genus Marinobacterium were found. Additional genome analyses suggested that the genus Marinobacterium contained diverse potential mechanisms of salt tolerance and mainly utilized oligosaccharides. This is the first report on broad genomic analyses of the genus Marinobacterium with the description of two novel species and potential ecological and biotechnological implications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Marinobacterium weihaiense sp. nov. and Marinobacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, and genomic properties of the genus Marinobacterium

Liu,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Microbial Genomics

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“…Human activities affect the biogeochemical cycle of nutrients in global and regional ecosystem, 1 threatening the earth-system stability and planetary boundaries. 2 The global nitrogen (N) flows have increased nearly 10-fold in the past 100 years, 3 and the phosphorus (P) flows have tripled, compared with the preindustrial levels. 4 These emissions intensified the negative impact on the ecosystem and human health, such as climate change, water eutrophication, and biodiversity loss.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation Measures Could Aggravate Unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions from Land-Use Activities

Tian,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Socioeconomic factors and mitigation potentials are essential drivers of the dynamics of nutrient emissions, yet these drivers are rarely examined at broad spatiotemporal scales. Here, we combine material flow analysis and geospatial analysis to examine the past and future changes of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in China. Results show that anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus emissions increased by 17% and 32% during 2000−2019, respectively. Meanwhile, many regions witnessed decreasing nitrogen emissions but rising phosphorus discharged to waterbody, leading to a 20% decrease in the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio. In addition to many prominent factors like fertilizer use, the increasing impervious land area around cities is a notable factor driving the emissions, indicating the urgency to limit building expansion, especially in North China Plain and other less-developed regions. Improving land-use efficiency and consuming behaviors could reduce nitrogen and phosphorus emissions by 65−77% in 2030, but the nitrogen/ phosphorus ratio will increase unintendedly due to larger reduction potentials for phosphorus, which may deteriorate the aquatic ecosystem. We highlight that nitrogen and phosphorus emissions should be reduced with coordinated but differentiated measures by prioritizing nitrogen reduction through cropland and food-system management.

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Nitrogen:phosphorous supply ratio and allometry in five alpine plant species

Luo

Mazer

Guo

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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In terrestrial ecosystems, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has greatly increased N availability relative to other elements, particularly phosphorus (P). Alterations in the availability of N relative to P can affect plant growth rate and functional traits, as well as resource allocation to above‐ versus belowground biomass (M A and M B). Biomass allocation among individual plants is broadly size‐dependent, and this can often be described as an allometric relationship between M A and M B, as represented by the equation MnormalA=αMBnormalβ, or log M A = logα + βlog M B. Here, we investigated whether the scaling exponent or regression slope may be affected by the N:P supply ratio. We hypothesized that the regression slope between M A and M B should be steeper under a high N:P supply ratio due to P limitation, and shallower under a low N:P supply ratio due to N limitation. To test these hypotheses, we experimentally altered the levels of N, P, and the N:P supply ratio (from 1.7:1 to 135:1) provided to five alpine species representing two functional groups (grasses and composite forbs) under greenhouse conditions; we then measured the effects of these treatments on plant morphology and tissue content (SLA, leaf area, and leaf and root N/P concentrations) and on the scaling relationship between M A and M B. Unbalanced N:P supply ratios generally negatively affected plant biomass, leaf area, and tissue nutrient concentration in both grasses and composite forbs. High N:P ratios increased tissue N:P ratios in both functional groups, but more in the two composite forbs than in the grasses. The positive regression slopes between log M A and log M B exhibited by plants raised under a N:P supply ratio of 135:1 were significantly steeper than those observed under the N:P ratio of 1.7:1 and 15:1. Synthesis: Plant biomass allocation is highly plastic in response to variation in the N:P supply ratio. Studies of resource allocation of individual plants should focus on the effects of nutrient ratios as well as the availability of individual elements. The two forb species were more sensitive than grasses to unbalanced N:P supplies. To evaluate the adaptive significance of this plasticity, the effects of unbalanced N:P supply ratio on individual lifetime fitness must be measured.

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The global nitrogen cycle: Past, present and future

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Marinobacterium weihaiense sp. nov. and Marinobacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, and genomic properties of the genus Marinobacterium

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Marinobacterium weihaiense sp. nov. and Marinobacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment, and genomic properties of the genus Marinobacterium

Mitigation Measures Could Aggravate Unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emissions from Land-Use Activities

Nitrogen:phosphorous supply ratio and allometry in five alpine plant species

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