The Global Jihadist Movement: The Most Lethal Ideology?

Carson, Jennifer Varriale; Suppenbach, Matthew

doi:10.1177/1088767917733783

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This explicit targeting objective would indicate that most jihadi-inspired attacks would be against United States and Western targets. However, prior studies have not supported this notion (Carson & Suppenbach, 2018;Kurzman et al, 2011;LaFree et al, 2009). For example, LaFree et al (2009) found that in physical attacks perpetrated by terrorist groups which were considered "anti-U.S." from 1970 to 2004, only 3.37% were against U.S. targets, whereas 90% of the attacks were against domestic targets in the countries where those groups operated.…”

Section: Jihadi Beliefs and The Role Of Cyberattacks To Further Their...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, LaFree et al (2009) found that in physical attacks perpetrated by terrorist groups which were considered “anti-U.S.” from 1970 to 2004, only 3.37% were against U.S. targets, whereas 90% of the attacks were against domestic targets in the countries where those groups operated. Further, Carson and Suppenbach (2018) found that only 0.0004% of jihadist attacks between 1994 and 2014 occurred within the U.S. homeland. These findings indicate that, in an offline setting, physical geography and convenience may play a role in jihadi target selection.…”

Section: Jihadi Beliefs and The Role Of Cyberattacks To Further Their...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Victims of nonideological violence were, however, more likely to be White males who knew the perpetrator and were also tied to a far-right group (Parkin & Freilich, 2015). Similarly, jihadi-inspired physical attacks frequently target military installations, law enforcement, private citizenry, and government establishments (Carson & Suppenbach, 2018; Gruenewald et al, 2019). Such targets have greater symbolic value and casualty potential which likely drives their priority as targets for physical attacks (Clarke & Newman, 2007).…”

Section: Assessing the Utility Of Rat To Cyberattacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Characteristics That Differentiate Jihadi-Associated Cyberattacks Using Routine Activities Theory

Holt

Turner

Freilich

et al. 2021

Social Science Computer Review

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This study applies routine activities theory to determine whether the characteristics of jihadi-inspired web defacements in the United States vary from all other defacements performed against IP addresses hosted within the United States from 2012 to 2016. We focus on target suitability variables and use a sample of over 2.2 million defacements reported by the independent website Zone-H. We estimated a binary logistic regression model and found that jihadi cyberattacks were rare among all the defacements performed in this 5-year period. Additionally, these findings demonstrated jihadists were more likely to target organizational websites and utilized specific attack methods compared to all other defacers. We contextualize our findings and outline a number of avenues for future research.

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Section: Jihadi Beliefs and The Role Of Cyberattacks To Further Their...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jihadi Beliefs and The Role Of Cyberattacks To Further Their...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing the Utility Of Rat To Cyberattacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Examining the Characteristics That Differentiate Jihadi-Associated Cyberattacks Using Routine Activities Theory

Holt

Turner

Freilich

et al. 2021

Social Science Computer Review

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“…Interesting research has been conducted to address the relationship between ideology and lethality [40]. A dataset was retrieved from the Global Terrorism Database, and the Global Jihadist Movement was determined to be the deadliest.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the Capabilities of Classifiers to Examine a Website Defacement Data Set

Zayid,

Isah,

Farah

et al. 2024

IJCI

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Website defacement is the illegal electronic act of changing a website. In this paper, the capabilities of robust machine learning classifiers are exploited to select the best input feature set for evaluation of a website’s defacement risk. A defacement mining data set was obtained from Zone-H, a private organization, and a sample consisting of 93,644 data points was pre-processed and used for modelling purposes. Using multi-dimensional features as input, enormous modelling computations were carried out to determine the optimal outputs, in terms of performance. Reason and hackmode presented the highest contributions for the evaluation of website defacement, and were thus chosen as outputs. Various machine learning models were examined, and decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), and random forest (RF) were found to be the most powerful algorithms for prediction of the target model. The input variables 'domain', 'system', 'web_server', 'redefacement', 'type', 'def_grade', and 'reason/hackmode' were tested and used to shape the final model. Using the cross-validation (CV) technique, the key performance factors of the models were calculated and reported. After calculating the average scores for the hyperparameter metrics (i.e., max-depth, min-sample-leaf, weight, max-features, and CV), both targets were evaluated, and the learning algorithms were ranked as RF > DT > k-NN. The reason and hackmode variables were thoroughly analysed, and the average score accuracies for the reason and hackmode targets were 0.85 and 0.585, respectively. The results comprise a significant development, in terms of modelling and optimizing website defacement risk. This study successfully addresses key cybersecurity concerns, particularly website defacement.

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“…Although this investigation acknowledges that the main objective of targeted killings carried out by the U.S. is to decrease terrorism on the homeland, domestic terrorism significantly outweighs its international counterpart 4 (LaFree & Dugan, 2009). In addition, the majority of terrorism perpetrated by the GJM occurs in the Middle East (Carson & Suppenbach, 2017). Thus, we would expect to find effects most pronounced within this region if the strategy is truly effective.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Nuances of Counterterrorism Programs: A Country-Level Investigation of Targeted Killings

Carson

2018

Crime & Delinquency

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Although there has been research assessing the effectiveness of targeted killings in a variety of contexts, there remains important gaps in the literature. This study addresses these gaps by evaluating previously established nuanced effects together in one analysis, while at the same time incorporating vital country-level controls. This investigation utilizes two types of analytic strategies, ZINB and series hazard models, with multiple independent and dependent variables. Overall, this study fails to find clear evidence that targeted killings are correlated with terrorism outcomes in the three countries in which they are most commonly used: Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia.

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The Global Jihadist Movement: The Most Lethal Ideology?

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Examining the Characteristics That Differentiate Jihadi-Associated Cyberattacks Using Routine Activities Theory

Examining the Characteristics That Differentiate Jihadi-Associated Cyberattacks Using Routine Activities Theory

Exploiting the Capabilities of Classifiers to Examine a Website Defacement Data Set

Assessing the Nuances of Counterterrorism Programs: A Country-Level Investigation of Targeted Killings

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