The Global Impact of Hepatitis B Vaccination on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Flores, Joan Ericka; Thompson, Alexander; Howell, Jessica

doi:10.3390/vaccines10050793

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…The World Health Organisation has set a 90% vaccination target to achieve HBV elimination globally by 2030. The HBV vaccine (the first cancer-preventing vaccine) is highly effective in preventing HBV transmission when the full three-or four-dose vaccination schedule is given at birth and in early infancy [ 49 ]. In Italy, HBV vaccination has been mandatory since 1991.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Liver Cancer Incidence and Survival in Italy by Histologic Type, 2003–2017

Mancini

Bucchi

Zamagni

et al. 2022

Cancers

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(1) Background: Liver cancer in Italy is characterised by one of the highest incidence rates worldwide outside of Asia coupled with comparatively favourable survival figures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the most recent epidemiologic trends of the disease. (2) Methods: Thirteen cancer registries covering a population of about 12,740,000 (21% of the national population) made available the records of 35,574 cases registered between 2003 and 2017. Trends in age-standardised (Europe 2013) incidence rates were analysed using the results of age–drift models. Trends in survival were analysed using 1-year, 2-year, 5-year and 10-year net survival (NS) and 5|1-year and 5|2-year conditional NS. (3) Results: Over the study period, the average annual incidence rates per 100,000 persons were 29.4 (men) and 9.4 (women) for total liver cancer; 14.6 and 3.5 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); 1.8 and 1.1 for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC); and 13.0 and 4.8 for the ‘other liver cancer types’ group. The incidence of total liver cancer and HCC decreased significantly for both sexes. For total liver cancer, the estimated average annual percent change was −1.6% among men and −2.1% among women. For HCC, the change was −1.3% among men and −2.7% among women. ICC followed an opposite trend. For men, the risk of HCC had two peaks, one in the birth cohorts of 1928 and 1933 and another, more moderate peak in the cohort of 1958. Men and women exhibited comparable improvements in both early and mid-term conditional NS from HCC. In 2013–2017, 5-year NS was 28.9% (95% CI: 27.3%; 30.6%) for men and 30.1% (95% CI: 26.9%; 33.5%) for women. The uptrend in survival from ICC was less pronounced and was weakly significant, with a 5-year NS in 2013-2017 of 13.9% (95% CI: 10.8%; 17.3%) for men and 17.4% (95% CI: 13.5%; 21.7%) for women. (4) Conclusions: The opposite incidence trends of HCC and ICC confirm a pattern observed in other populations. The generalised, albeit slow, improvement in survival from HCC indicates a trend towards earlier detection coupled with improvements in treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Liver Cancer Incidence and Survival in Italy by Histologic Type, 2003–2017

Mancini

Bucchi

Zamagni

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…The potential of the vaccine lies in only presenting the chimeric particulates for immune cells to recognize and not secreting particles thereby protecting the host from infection (Ho et al, 2020). However, despite excessive coverage of HBV vaccination globally, the knowledge is still limited about its potential efficacy to prevent the infection (Ximenes et al, 2015;Flores et al, 2022). On the other hand, the study of potential mechanisms of viral vaccines is giving sound hope for the future of vaccine-mediated prevention of the disease (Ho et al, 2020).…”

Section: Complications Of Hepatitis B (Cirrhosis)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of knowledge, awareness and vaccination compliance of hepatitis B among students of health colleges of Al-Baha University

Alkully¹,

Algamdi²,

Alomari³

et al. 2023

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Background: Viral hepatitis is a blood-borne liver infection that is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is preventable disease through immunization.Medical students are at higher risk of HBV contraction due to occupational exposure. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of Hepatitis B (Hep B) vaccination and vaccination compliance among the students of health colleges of Al-Baha University. Methods: A crosssectional quantitative study was carried out using a close-ended survey of 394 medical students at Al-Baha University and the collected data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS tool. Results: The descriptive analysis revealed that more of the participants were males (73%) than females (26.9%). Most of the participants (92%) were not infected with HBV. About 50% reported not receiving HBV vaccination. In terms of awareness among respondents, 43.60%were not aware of the length of dosses that they need to achieve full immunity while 57.11% were aware of the protection of vaccine against HBV infection. About, 71.07% of the respondents think of Hep B as liver disease and are aware of its immunization as a preventive measure. However, some participants (44%) were not aware of symptomless HBV. Conclusion: HBV is a complicated viral infection. The knowledge of vaccination was not enough among students of Al-Baha University and therefore, it is recommended to increase the awareness and knowledge of medical students as they are at higher risk of contracting HBV infection.

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“…Specifically, an increased risk for hepatic carcinogenesis is closely associated with genotypes 1 and 3, with an 80% increase in the risk, as well as genotype 6 which is mostly reported in developing countries [ 64 , 65 ]. Approximately 80% of patients infected with HCV develop a chronic infection, while 15% develop acute infection [ 66 ]. Of these patients who develop chronic infection, 5–20% will develop cirrhosis in the next 5 to 20 years, and 1–2% will develop HCC per year [ 67 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors

Sarantis

Trifylli

Koustas

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The development of cancer is a multifactorial phenomenon, while it constitutes a major global health problem. Viruses are an important factor that is involved in tumorigenesis and is associated with 12.1% of all cancer cases. Major examples of oncogenic viruses which are closely associated with the digestive system are HBV, HCV, EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV. EBV, HPV, JCV, and CMV directly cause oncogenesis by expressing oncogenic proteins that are encoded in their genome. In contrast, HBV and HCV are correlated indirectly with carcinogenesis by causing chronic inflammation in the infected organs. In addition, the tumor microenvironment contains various immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, as well as several growth factors, cytokines, and other tumor-secreted molecules that play a key role in tumor growth, progression, and migration, while they are closely interrelated with the virus. The presence of T-regulatory and B-regulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the anti-tumor immune reaction. The tumor immune microenvironments differ in each type of cancer and depend on viral infection. The alterations in the immune microenvironment caused by viruses are also reflected in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The present review aims at shedding light on the association between viruses and digestive system malignancies, the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment that develop, and the possible treatments that can be administered.

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The Global Impact of Hepatitis B Vaccination on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 39 publications

References 85 publications

Trends in Liver Cancer Incidence and Survival in Italy by Histologic Type, 2003–2017

Trends in Liver Cancer Incidence and Survival in Italy by Histologic Type, 2003–2017

Assessment of knowledge, awareness and vaccination compliance of hepatitis B among students of health colleges of Al-Baha University

Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors

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