“…Based on a wide variety of methodologies, prior studies have focused on the issue of efficiency as well as the international integration of the MENA financial markets (Domowitz et al, 1998;Assaf, 2003;Neaime, 2012;Lagoarde-Segot and Lucey, 2008). Others have examined returns and univariate analysis of return volatility in selective stock markets in the MENA region (Al-Rjoub and Azzam, 2012;Alsybaie and Najad, 2009;Brooks, 2007;Khedhiri and Muhammad, 2008), while a few studies have explored the interdependence of volatility of returns between MENA stock markets and developed markets or the oil market (Hammoudeh and Li, 2008;Maghyereh and ALKandari, 2007;Rao, 2008;Khallouli and Sandretto, 2012).…”