The global energy cycle of stationary and transient atmospheric waves: Results from ECMWF analyses

Ulbrich, Uwe; Speth, P.

doi:10.1007/bf01029650

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Because formulations of the energy cycle involve climate statistics, which are the deviations of time, zonal means, and variance and covariance of basic variables, it is very useful to either diagnose climate models (Sheng and Hayashi 1990;Boer and Lambert 2008;Hernández-Deckers and von Storch 2010;Marques et al 2011) or analyze the characteristics of various reanalysis datasets (Ulbrich and Speth 1991;Hu et al 2004;Li et al 2007;Marques et al 2009;Marques et al 2010). Recently, various reanalysis datasets such as the NCEP R2, ERA-40 from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and JRA-25 from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), have been released to satisfy the demand for atmosphere datasets; many researchers have since used such reanalysis datasets to investigate the atmosphere energy cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the global lorenz energy cycle using MERRA and NCEP-reanalysis 2

Kim

2012

Clim Dyn

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In this study, the global Lorenz atmospheric energy cycle is evaluated using the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the Department of Energy (NCEP R2) reanalysis datasets over a 30-year period (1979-2008) for the annual, JJA, and DJF means. The energy cycle calculated from the two reanalysis datasets is largely consistent, but the energy cycle determined using the MERRA dataset is more active than that determined from the NCEP R2 dataset. For instance, with regard to the annual mean, the general discrepancy between the energy components in the global integral is about 5 %, whereas the discrepancy between the conversion components is about 16 %, with the exception of C(P M , K M ), which has a different sign in the global integrals. The latitude-altitude cross-section indicates that the difference in the energy cycle of the two reanalysis datasets is larger in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere. The conversion rates of mean available potential energy to mean kinetic energy [C(P M , K M )] and eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy [C(P E , K E )] are also calculated using two formulations (socalled 'vÁgrad z' and 'xÁa') for the two reanalysis datasets. The differences in the conversion rate between the two reanalysis datasets for the global integral are not appreciable for the two formulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the global lorenz energy cycle using MERRA and NCEP-reanalysis 2

Kim

2012

Clim Dyn

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“…Conversely, if CKTE is negative, heat transport is directed into transient waves, resulting in a weakening of KSE. The result obtained by Ulbrich and Speth (1991) showed that a strengthening of KSE corresponded to local jet maxima while a weakening prevailed over the jet entrance regions. Figure 7 shows the conversion term CKTE from FNL analysis and GRAPES forecast, while the CKTE in the Southern Hemisphere is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Barotropic Conversionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The model resolution is selected as Ulbrich and Speth, 1991). Note: G denotes generation of potential energy; D denotes dissipation of kinetic energy.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transient form is the departure from the time mean and a result of baroclinic instability of zonal mean flow (Simmons andHoskins, 1978, 1980). Ulbrich and Speth (1991) expanded the Lorenz classical process to give a series of detailed formulations for the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" energy cycle (Arpe et al, 1986), and examined the role of stationary and transient waves within the atmospheric energy cycle with the ECMWF data for winter and summer. Their results showed that all terms of the energy cycle related to stationary waves reveal a predominance of the planetary scale while the transient waves are governed by synoptic-scale waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic study of global energy cycle of the grapes global model in the mixed space-time domain

Zhao¹,

Zhang²

2014

J Meteorol Res

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Some important diagnostic characteristics for a model's physical background are reflected in the model's energy transport, conversion, and cycle. Diagnosing the atmospheric energy cycle is a suitable way towards understanding and improving numerical models. In this study, formulations of the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" energy cycle are calculated and the roles of stationary and transient waves within the atmospheric energy cycle of the Global-Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) model are diagnosed and compared with the NCEP analysis data for July 2011. Contributions of the zonal-mean components of the energy cycle are investigated to explain the performance of numerical models.The results show that the GRAPES model has the capability to reproduce the main features of the global energy cycle as compared with the NCEP analysis. Zonal available potential energy (AZ) is converted into stationary eddy available potential energy (ASE) and transient eddy available potential energy (ATE), and ASE and ATE have similar values. The nonlinear conversion between the two eddy energy terms is directed from the stationary to the transient. AZ becomes larger with increased forecast lead time, reflecting an enhancement of the meridional temperature gradient, which strengthens the zonal baroclinic processes and makes the conversion from AZ to eddy potential energy larger, especially for CAT (conversion from AZ to ATE). The zonal kinetic energy (KZ) has a similar value to the sum of the stationary and transient eddy kinetic energy. Barotropic conversions are directed from eddy to zonal kinetic energy. The zonal conversion from AZ to KZ in GRAPES is around 1.5 times larger than in the NCEP analysis. The contributions of zonal energy cycle components show that transient eddy kinetic energy (KTE) is associated with the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet and the conversion from KZ to KTE reduces in the upper tropopause near 30 • S. The nonlinear barotropic conversion between stationary and transient kinetic energy terms (CKTE) is reduced predominantly by the weaker KTE. Citation: Zhao Bin and Zhang Bo, 2014: Diagnostic study of global energy cycle of the GRAPES global model in the mixed space-time domain.

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“…Furthermore, since the potential and kinetic energies can be divided into zonal, stationary and transient-related motions, the energetics of a particular type of atmospheric motion can be assessed [1] [2]. In addition, the energetics of all types of these atmospheric modes can be determined, either for the entire atmosphere or for only a part of it [3] [4] [5] [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Spectral Energetics for a Planet Experiencing Rapid Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Aranha¹,

Veiga²

2017

ACS

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So far, energetics studies related to climate change have focused on the disturbed and undisturbed kinetic and potential energies, as well as their transformations, without dealing with the energetics involved in the phenomena of different spatial scales. Thus, the present work reports the first analysis of the spectral energetics for a condition of climate change, followed by the high-range emission scenario, RCP8.5, which originated from the new Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). The results showed that both types of generation (Go and Gn), baroclinic processes (Co and Cn), kinetic energies (Ko and Kn) and the barotropic process, Mn, significantly increase in the condition of a warming climate. Moreover, the results still reveal that in the most components of the energetics, is the planetary scale waves that are the most impacted under a climate change scenario. These results highlight that global warming can have different impacts on particular types of motions.

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The global energy cycle of stationary and transient atmospheric waves: Results from ECMWF analyses

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Examination of the global lorenz energy cycle using MERRA and NCEP-reanalysis 2

Examination of the global lorenz energy cycle using MERRA and NCEP-reanalysis 2

Diagnostic study of global energy cycle of the grapes global model in the mixed space-time domain

An Analysis of the Spectral Energetics for a Planet Experiencing Rapid Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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