The Global Distribution of Yellow Fever and Dengue

Abstract

Yellow fever has been subjected to partial control for decades, but there are signs that case numbers are now increasing globally, with the risk of local epidemic outbreaks. Dengue case numbers have also increased dramatically during the past 40 years and different serotypes have invaded new geographical areas. Despite the temporal changes in these closely related diseases, and their enormous public health impact, few attempts have been made to collect a comprehensive dataset of their spatial and temporal distributions. For this review, records of the occurrence of both diseases during the 20th century have been collected together and are used to define their climatic limits using remotely sensed satellite data within a discriminant analytical model framework. The resulting risk maps for these two diseases identify their different environmental requirements, and throw some light on their potential for co-occurrence in Africa and South East Asia.

Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus: A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción, 2008

“…Although this likelihood cannot be explicitly tested, each parameter that we used falls within a reasonable range (more details in Supplemental Information), and the estimated geographic areas where transmission is favored (Figure 2) correspond to the known, historical, and estimated spatial distributions of YFV and dengue virus transmission. 28 The YFV R 0 estimates from the moderate model are also similar to those estimates in previous studies. 25,29,30 Note that R 0 is not an absolute determinant of potential transmission; many other factors such as vaccination rates, vector control programs, and personal protective measures may also determine whether transmission occurs.…”

“…aegypti are present in all of the areas where YFV transmission may occur in our model. 28 In some areas, Ae. aegypti has been replaced by Ae.…”

Spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Malaysia: combining address and sub-district level

“…abundance of Ae. aegypti females, transportation networks, land use change, human behaviour and climate variation (Rogers et al, 2006;Halstead, 2008;Eisen and Lozano-Fuentes, 2009;Lambin et al, 2010). Many have tried to combine such influencing factors in the search for a way of predicting areas of dengue risk (Nakhapakorn and Tripathi, 2005;Kolivras, 2006;Porcasi et al, 2012).…”

“…Mainly distributed between latitudes 35°N and 35°S (WHO, 2009a), almost two fifths of the world's population are at risk with about 50 million new cases emerging each year (Gubler, 1998a,b;WHO, 2009b). Dengue outbreaks commonly occurred in many parts of Africa, Australia, Latin America, Southeast Asia and throughout the Pacific Islands (Rogers et al, 2006). Vector control has proven difficult due to the biology of the mosquito and its ability to breed in domestic habitats (Eisen and Lozano-Fuentes, 2009).…”

The Safety of Yellow Fever Vaccine 17D or 17DD in Children, Pregnant Women, HIV+ Individuals, and Older Persons: Systematic Review

“…Additionally, mild cases may go undetected, because the patient is likely to be treated at home and not seek care in a health facility. 3 In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that yellow fever virus caused 200,000 cases of clinical disease and 30,000 deaths annually, 4 and the survey by Rogers and others 5 of the literature in 2006 repeated and did not update these estimates.…”