The glia-derived extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C promotes embryonic and postnatal retina axon outgrowth via the alternatively spliced fibronectin type III domain TNfnD

Siddiqui, S.; Horvat-Bröcker, Andrea; Faissner, Andréas

doi:10.1017/s1740925x09990020

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Ten-C is found in glial cells and potentially promotes or inhibits neurite outgrowth in a context dependant manner [69], [70]. Glial cells and neurons/axons are also known to interact with each other [71] by glia supporting axonal functions e.g., by neurotrophic and metabolic support [72] as well as by providing the extracellular matrix context [69], [70]. Based on these reports and our own observations, we suggest a model in which GlcAT-P is critical in hemocytes possibly to deposit specific ECM on peripheral nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glucuronyltransferase GlcAT-P Is Required for Stretch Growth of Peripheral Nerves in Drosophila

2011

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During development, the growth of the animal body is accompanied by a concomitant elongation of the peripheral nerves, which requires the elongation of integrated nerve fibers and the axons projecting therein. Although this process is of fundamental importance to almost all organisms of the animal kingdom, very little is known about the mechanisms regulating this process. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of novel mutant alleles of GlcAT-P, the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian glucuronyltransferase b3gat1. GlcAT-P mutants reveal shorter larval peripheral nerves and an elongated ventral nerve cord (VNC). We show that GlcAT-P is expressed in a subset of neurons in the central brain hemispheres, in some motoneurons of the ventral nerve cord as well as in central and peripheral nerve glia. We demonstrate that in GlcAT-P mutants the VNC is under tension of shorter peripheral nerves suggesting that the VNC elongates as a consequence of tension imparted by retarded peripheral nerve growth during larval development. We also provide evidence that for growth of peripheral nerve fibers GlcAT-P is critically required in hemocytes; however, glial cells are also important in this process. The glial specific repo gene acts as a modifier of GlcAT-P and loss or reduction of repo function in a GlcAT-P mutant background enhances VNC elongation. We propose a model in which hemocytes are required for aspects of glial cell biology which in turn affects the elongation of peripheral nerves during larval development. Our data also identifies GlcAT-P as a first candidate gene involved in growth of integrated peripheral nerves and therefore establishes Drosophila as an amenable in-vivo model system to study this process at the cellular and molecular level in more detail.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glucuronyltransferase GlcAT-P Is Required for Stretch Growth of Peripheral Nerves in Drosophila

2011

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“…Indeed, some isoforms of TN-C inhibit neurite extension whereas others vigorously promote neurite outgrowth, depending on their FnIII domains. The FNIII Domain D of TN-C is necessary to stimulate retinal outgrowth on Müller glia cells (Siddiqui et al, 2008). An increase in Müller cell proliferation has been observed on stiff substrates and an upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TN-C on softer substrates (Davis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Tenascinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glia–neuron interactions in the mammalian retina

Vecino

Rodríguez

Ruzafa

et al. 2016

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

618

533

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The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia-neuron interactions and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in the mammalian retina that serve to maintain retinal homeostasis: astrocytes, Müller cells and resident microglia. Müller cells, astrocytes and microglia not only provide structural support but they are also involved in metabolism, the phagocytosis of neuronal debris, the release of certain transmitters and trophic factors and K(+) uptake. Astrocytes are mostly located in the nerve fibre layer and they accompany the blood vessels in the inner nuclear layer. Indeed, like Müller cells, astrocytic processes cover the blood vessels forming the retinal blood barrier and they fulfil a significant role in ion homeostasis. Among other activities, microglia can be stimulated to fulfil a macrophage function, as well as to interact with other glial cells and neurons by secreting growth factors. This review summarizes the main functional relationships between retinal glial cells and neurons, presenting a general picture of the retina recently modified based on experimental observations. The preferential involvement of the distinct glia cells in terms of the activity in the retina is discussed, for example, while Müller cells may serve as progenitors of retinal neurons, astrocytes and microglia are responsible for synaptic pruning. Since different types of glia participate together in certain activities in the retina, it is imperative to explore the order of redundancy and to explore the heterogeneity among these cells. Recent studies revealed the association of glia cell heterogeneity with specific functions. Finally, the neuroprotective effects of glia on photoreceptors and ganglion cells under normal and adverse conditions will also be explored.

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“…90 The variable rat FNIII B-D promotes contactin/F3 dependent neurite outgrowth when FNIII-C is excluded from the transcript; as its inclusion disrupts the contactin/F3 binding site formed between the adjacent FNIII-B and D. 91 FNIII-B,D containing tenascin-C is widely reported to promote neuron outgrowth in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons, mesencephalic neurons, cortical astrocytes and retinal neurons. 76,[91][92][93][94] This repeat has a conserved function in P6 mouse cerebellar neurons, where it does not alter the rate of cell proliferation, but does increase the proportion of neurite bearing cells in culture. 77 Similarly to mouse neurites, FNIII-D also promotes rat neurite outgrowth in a manner dependent on Ca 2C , PLC, protein kinase-C and contactin.…”

Section: Developing Chickenmentioning

confidence: 99%