The glaciovolcanic evolution of the Copahue volcano, Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Argentina-Chile

AMS and rock magnetism in the Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (Southern Andes): Emission center, flow dynamics, and implications to the emplacement of non-welded PDCs

“…In this context, the CCVC composes one of the most active volcanic centers in the Andean belt, with several eruptive events in the last century (Caselli et al, 2016;Tassi et al, 2016). The particular setting of the CCVC attracted several studies in the recent decades, with a broad range of topics including geomorphology (e.g., Díaz, 2003;Báez et al, 2020a), geochemistry (e.g., Mazzoni and Licitra, 2000;Melnick et al, 2006;Varekamp et al, 2006), geochronology (e.g., Pesce, 1989;Melnicik et al, 2006) structural (e.g., Melnick et al, 2006;Velez et al, 2011;Folguera et al, 2016), geothermal (e.g., Barcelona et al, 2019), andAMS andpaleomagnetism (e.g., Ort et al, 2014;Moncinhatto et al, 2019Moncinhatto et al, , 2020.…”

“…Both Copahue and Caviahue are controlled by a complex structural setting, with significant influence of the oblique subduction of the Nazca Plate on caldera and volcano edifice morphology (Melnick et al, 2006), as well as on vent location and spatial distribution (Stern, 2004;Sielfeld et al, 2017). In addition to this active tectonic setting, several features indicate a strong glacial imprint on CCVC deposits, including U-shaped valleys, striations in lava flows, and moraine deposits (Díaz, 2003;Varekamp et al, 2006;Báez et al, 2020a). The age and intensity of this glaciation are still unclear (Báez et al, 2020a).…”

“…In addition to this active tectonic setting, several features indicate a strong glacial imprint on CCVC deposits, including U-shaped valleys, striations in lava flows, and moraine deposits (Díaz, 2003;Varekamp et al, 2006;Báez et al, 2020a). The age and intensity of this glaciation are still unclear (Báez et al, 2020a). The CCVC is marked by abundant effusive and explosive deposits (Melnick et al, 2006), which extensively cover and partially fill the Caviahue Caldera.…”

“…1) comprises one of the most active volcanic centers in this orogenic segment (Caselli et al, 2016;Tassi et al, 2016). Despite the young age (< 5 Ma, Linares et al, 1999), CCVC deposits were strongly affected by Pleistocene glaciations (Díaz, 2003;Varekamp et al, 2006;Báez et al, 2020a), leading to a fragmented record and establishing a geologic puzzle, especially in the case of the more friable, volcaniclastic deposits. As a result, the explosive deposits in the CCVC provide an excellent case for the study of AMS fabrics in non-welded ignimbrites.…”

Glacial and volcanic landforms in the upper catchment of Claro River, Central Chile (35.5°S): A Late Quaternary geomorphological case study

“…However, between 33 and 37°S there is low preservation of glacial sediments because of Pleistocene–Holocene volcanic activity (Clapperton, 1994). This activity was coeval with the presence of ice at times (Báez et al, 2020; Lachowycz et al, 2015), and can be recognized through different features and facies of volcanic origin that indicate contact with snow or glaciovolcanism (Edwards et al, 2015; Lescinsky & Fink, 2000; Mee et al, 2006).…”