The Giotto magnetometer experiment

Neubauer, F. M.; Acuña, M. H.; Burlaga, L. F.; Franke, Bernd; Gramkow, B.; Mariani, F.; Musmann, G.; Ness, N. F.; Schmidt, H. U.; Terenzi, R.; Ungstrup, E.; Wallis, M. K.

doi:10.1088/0022-3735/20/6/030

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The instrument has extensive flight heritage derived from more than 50 space missions (Acuña 1974;Behannon et al 1977;Neubauer et al 1987;Acuña et al 1992Acuña et al , 1997Acuña 2002). The design also benefits from experience gained in previous collaborative efforts, including the Active Magnetosphere Particle Tracers Explorers/Charge Composition Explorer spacecraft (Potemra et al 1985), the Viking auroral mission (Zanetti et al 1994), the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (Winningham et al 1993), the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) , and the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR)-Shoemaker mission (Lohr et al 1997).…”

Section: Hardware Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of bits used for the difference values is given in the packet header and is chosen to be the smallest that will accommodate the largest difference. Similar compression algorithms have been used in previous space missions (Behannon et al 1977;Acuña et al 1992;Neubauer et al 1987). The time tag for the first sample in the packet is the MET time in seconds for the first sample together with a counter giving the number of 50-ms intervals elapsed from the first sample in the packet to the immediately previous MET second boundary.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Magnetometer Instrument on MESSENGER

et al. 2007

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The Magnetometer (MAG) on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission is a low-noise, tri-axial, fluxgate instrument with its sensor mounted on a 3.6-m-long boom. The boom was deployed on March 8, 2005. The primary MAG science objectives are to determine the structure of Mercury's intrinsic magnetic field and infer its origin. Mariner 10 observations indicate a planetary moment in the range 170 to 350 nT R 3 M (where R M is Mercury's mean radius). The uncertainties in the dipole moment are associated with the Mariner 10 trajectory and variability of the measured field. By orbiting Mercury, MESSENGER will significantly improve the determination of dipole and higher-order moments. The latter are essential to understanding the thermal history of the planet. MAG has a coarse range, ±51,300 nT full scale (1.6-nT resolution), for pre-flight testing, and a fine range, ±1,530 nT full scale (0.047-nT resolution), for Mercury operation. A magnetic cleanliness program was followed to minimize variable and static spacecraft-generated fields at the sensor. Observations during and after boom deployment indicate that the fixed residual field is less than a few nT at the location of the sensor, and initial observations indicate that the variable field is below 0.05 nT at least above about 3 Hz. Analog signals from the three axes are low-pass filtered (10-Hz cutoff) and sampled simultaneously by three 20-bit analog-to-digital converters every 50 ms. To accommodate variable telemetry rates, MAG provides 11 output rates from 0.01 s −1 to 20 s −1 . Continuous measurement of fluctuations is provided with a digital 1-10 Hz bandpass filter. This fluctuation level is used to trigger high-time-resolution sampling in eight-minute segments to record events of interest when continuous high-rate sampling is not possible. The MAG instrument will provide accurate characterization of the intrinsic planetary field, magnetospheric structure, and dynamics of Mercury's solar wind interaction.

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Section: Hardware Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magnetometer Instrument on MESSENGER

et al. 2007

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“…The STEREO IMPACT/magnetometer is a conventional three-axis fluxgate magnetometer design with extensive flight heritage derived from more than 50 space missions (Acuña 1974;Behannon et al 1977;Potemra et al 1985;Neubauer et al 1987;Zanetti et al 1994;Lohr et al 1997;Acuña et al 1992Acuña 2002), implemented through a collaboration of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the Space Sciences Laboratory of the University of California Berkeley. It also benefits significantly from the relevant experience gained through previous collaborations including Firewheel, Giotto, WIND, Mars Global Surveyor and Lunar Prospector.…”

Section: Hardware Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The STEREO/IMPACT Magnetic Field Experiment

et al. 2007

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The magnetometer on the STEREO mission is one of the sensors in the IMPACT instrument suite. A single, triaxial, wide-range, low-power and noise fluxgate magnetometer of traditional design-and reduced volume configuration-has been implemented in each spacecraft. The sensors are mounted on the IMPACT telescoping booms at a distance of ∼3 m from the spacecraft body to reduce magnetic contamination. The electronics have been designed as an integral part of the IMPACT Data Processing Unit, sharing a common power converter and data/command interfaces. The instruments cover the range ±65,536 nT in two intervals controlled by the IDPU (±512 nT; ±65,536 nT). This very wide range allows operation of the instruments during all phases of the mission, including Earth flybys as well as during spacecraft test and integration in the geomagnetic field. The primary STEREO/IMPACT science objectives addressed by the magnetometer are the study of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), its response to solar activity, and its relationship to solar wind structure. The instruments were powered on and the booms deployed on November 1, 2006, seven days after the spacecraft were launched, and are operating nominally. A magnetic cleanliness program was implemented to minimize variable spacecraft fields and to ensure that the static spacecraft-generated magnetic field does not interfere with the measurements.

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“…The magnetometer on the ISEE-3/ICE mission that flew by Giacobini-Zinner in 1985 was a VectorHelium magnetometer that has already been described (Frandsen et al 1978). The two spacecraft that flew close to Halley's comet in 1986 were ESA's Giotto and the Soviet Vega spacecraft, both equipped with fluxgate magnetometers (Neubauer et al 1987;Riedler et al 1986b). The Giotto magnetometer sensors were mounted very close to the spacecraft body and in particular to the despin motor of the antenna that was made to point at Earth on the spinning spacecraft.…”

Section: Comets and Asteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Magnetic Field Measurements: Missions and Instrumentation

Balogh

2010

Space Sci Rev

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The nature and diversity of the magnetic properties of the planets have been investigated by a large number of space missions over the past 50 years. It is clear that without the magnetic field measurements that have been carried out in the vicinity of all the planets, the state of their interior and their evolution since their formation would not be understood even though questions remain about how the different planetary dynamos (in six of the eight planets) work. This paper describes the motivation for making magnetic field measurements, the instrumentation that has been used and many of the missions that carried out the pioneering observations. Emphasis is given to the historically important early missions even if the results from these have been in some cases bettered by later missions.Keywords Planetary magnetism · Planetary space missions · Space magnetometers Motivation for Measuring the Magnetic Field of Planets and SatellitesThe presence or absence of a planetary scale magnetic field places a strong constraint of the state of a planet's interior. The nature of the field (dipolar, multipolar, crustal, induced or, in general, the combination of all such terms in different proportions) provides further indication of the details of the thermal evolution and current state and has been used extensively in constraining models of planetary structure. If a planet's magnetic field is dominated by dipolar and low-order multipolar terms, the presumed existence of a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo in the planet's interior is an additional, important factor in its internal dynamics.For planets in the solar system, the interaction of the planetary obstacle with the allpervasive solar wind critically influences the magnetic environment of planets. The interaction depends strongly on the nature of the magnetism of the planetary body, as well as on

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The Giotto magnetometer experiment

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

The Magnetometer Instrument on MESSENGER

The Magnetometer Instrument on MESSENGER

The STEREO/IMPACT Magnetic Field Experiment

Planetary Magnetic Field Measurements: Missions and Instrumentation

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