The ginsenoside protopanaxatriol protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury and cell death by modulating intracellular redox status

Preventive effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides on liver inflammation and apoptosis in hyperlipidemic apoE KO mice

“…Also, previous studies reported that PD types of ginsenosides were effective not only in improving conditions of obesity, fatty liver, and hypertriglyceridemia in rodent models fed with a high-fat diet (Liu et al 2010;Kim et al 2009) but also in regulating inflammatory responses by inducing heme oxygenase (HO)-1, inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and suppressing the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a expression in vitro (Lee et al 2005;Cho et al 2006). Moreover, ginsenoside PTs inhibit energy gain and normalize hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with the control of obesity in rats ) and have a cytoprotective effect through their action against oxidative stress by blocking an increase in LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions via control of NFjB, which may be responsible for the chemoprevention of inflammatory diseases (Kwok et al 2010;). Thus, these data suggest that the ginsenosides combination with different ratios may affect hyperlipidemia and its related inflammatory response in liver.…”

“…Ginsenoside in ginseng, namely triterpenoidal dammarane saponin, which is uniquely present in the Panax species, is divided into protopanaxadiols (PDs) and protopanaxatriols (PTs). The PDs, including ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd, have an anti-obesity effect (Liu et al 2010;Kim et al 2009) and exhibit anti-inflammatory activity (Lee et al 2005), whereas the PTs, such as ginsenoside Re, Rf, and Rg1, have efficacy on the prevention of oxidative stress (Kwok et al 2010) and the modulation of inflammatory processes ). These reports show that each ginsenoside has different biological effects, but their synergetic properties in hyperlipidemia have not been examined so far.…”

Phytochemical Composition of Extracts Prepared from Dietary Cucurbits and their Cytoprotective Efficacies against Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Stress in GI Cell-INT407

“…Further it is important to mention that INT407 cells show the characteristic properties of normal cell as optimized during the present study. This cell line maintains their actual morphology only for some passages (about [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] which is characteristic properties of normal cells whereas cancer cell line like Hela, HepG2 and HT29 show continued growth without losing their morphology for uncountable passages. Therefore, INT407 was screened as the most suitable normal intestinal cell line for the present as well as several other studies underway in our laboratory.…”

Korean Red Ginseng Improves Vascular Stiffness in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

“…PWV is also affected by endothelial function and is regulated by endothelium-derived NO and hyperpolarizing factor [25,26]. KRG has probable anti-oxidative properties; it is known to promote NO production and to protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress [2,15,27,28]. The ginsenoside PPT protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury and death by ameliorating oxidative stress [27].…”

“…KRG has probable anti-oxidative properties; it is known to promote NO production and to protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress [2,15,27,28]. The ginsenoside PPT protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury and death by ameliorating oxidative stress [27]. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 functions as an agonist at the glucocorticoid receptor, leading to the production of NO by eNOS via the non-transcriptional PI3K/Akt pathway [28].…”