The gill epithelial cell lines RTgill-W1, from Rainbow trout and ASG-10, from Atlantic salmon, exert different toxicity profiles towards rotenone

Abstract

In order to ensure the proper use and interpretation of results from laboratory test systems, it is important to know the characteristics of your test system. Here we compare mitochondria and the handling of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in two gill epithelial cell lines, the well-known RTgill-W1 cell line from Rainbow trout and the newly established ASG-10 cell line from Atlantic salmon. Rotenone was used to trigger ROS production. Rotenone reduced metabolic activity and induced cell death in both cell lines, with RTgill-W1 far more sensitive than ASG-10. In untreated cells, the mitochondria appear to be more fragmented in RTgill-W1 cells compared to ASG-10 cells. Furthermore, rotenone induced mitochondrial fragmentation, reduced mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm) and increased ROS generation in both cell lines. Glutathione (GSH) and catalase is important to maintain the cellular oxidative balance by eliminating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In response to rotenone, both GSH and catalase depletion were observed in the RTgill-W1 cells. In contrast, no changes were found in the GSH levels in ASG-10, while the catalase activity was increased. In summary, the two salmonid gill cell lines have different tolerance towards ROS, probably caused by differences in mitochondrial status as well as in GSH and catalase activities. This should be taken into consideration with the selection of experimental model and interpretation of results. Graphical abstract

Functional and molecular characterization of the Atlantic salmon gill epithelium cell line ASG-10; a tool for in vitro gill research

“…Both cell lines were observed to be susceptible to several viruses associated with severe diseases in Atlantic salmon. Our recent study ( Solhaug et al, 2022 ) revealed differences between RTgill-W1 and ASG-10, where RTgill-W1 was far more sensitive to oxidative stress than ASG-10. Whether or not this in-vitro observation is a true reflection of fundamental differences between rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon gills in-vivo , remains to be elucidated.…”

Complex II ambiguities—FADH2 in the electron transfer system

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