The Giemsa banding pattern of the canine karyotype

Selden, Jules R.; Moorhead, Paul S.; Oehlert, M.L.; Patterson, Donald F.

doi:10.1159/000130537

Cited by 78 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Such a release from selective confinements of chromosome association might also explain the extreme chromosomal variations within certain groups such as the Canidae (order Carnivora). The species of Canidae vary continuously in chromosome number from a minimum of 36 metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) to a maximum of 72 acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes in the domestic dog (Canisfamiliaris) (12,38,39). A more apparent example would be the well-known case of the genus Muntiacus in which one species, the Chinese muntjac (M. reevesi), has a diploid number of46, while a second species, the Indian munqtac (M. muntjac), has a diploid number of6 in females and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved regions of homologous G-banded chromosomes between orders in mammalian evolution: carnivores and primates.

Nash¹,

O’Brien²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The recent derivation ofa biochemical map of33 loci of the domestic cat (Felis cattu) revealed a striking conservation of chromosomal linkage associations between the cat and humans. A comparison of homologous (by linkage criteria) chromosomes by using conventionally extended and high-resolution Gbanding of human and feline chromosomes is presented. Four criteria for establishing probable cytogenetic homologies of chromosomal regions were invoked: (i) map placement of homologous genes to the same chromosomes; (ii) cytological correlation of Gbanding pattern; (iii) placement of homologous genes, by regional gene mapping, in the region of cytological homology; and (iv) a requirement that the putative region of homology be ancestral and evolutionarily conserved within their respective orders. Five subchromosomal regions (homologous to human chromosome ip, 2p, 2q, 12, and X) were found to be conserved and homologous by all the stated criteria. The conserved regions constitute nearly 20% by length of the human chromosomal genome. The implications of conservation of chromosome homologies between mammalian orders whose last common ancestor became extinct more than 60 million years ago is discussed.The increasing application ofchromosome banding methods to cytogenetic studies of mammalian chromosomes has made it possible to monitor more accurately the divergence of chromosome structure over tens of millions of years of mammalian evolution (1)(2)(3). By using the pattern of banding as a guide, homologous regions in the chromosomes of two species can often be identified even when the overall morphologies of the chromosomes are quite different. While the chromosomes of nearly all major mammalian taxa have been investigated with modern banding procedures, phylogenetic chromosome relationships have been extensively studied in the primates and carnivores with particular attention to the Felidae family (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).The elegant analyses of primate phylogenies presented by Dutrillaux and co-workers have established the feasibility of tracking the cytogenetic rearrangements that have occurred during the development of the primate order (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). More recent studies using high-resolution banding techniques have shown that extensive chromosome banding homology exists not only between closely related primates (e.g., human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan) but also to a lesser extent between distantly related primates such as man and woolly monkey or lemur (6,7,9). Comparative cytological analyses of more than 70 extant primate species has permitted the reconstruction of more than 150 chromosome rearrangements (robertsonian translocations, paracentric and pericentric inversions, acrocentric fusions, and metacentric chromosome fissions) that presumably occurred during the 60-80 million years of primate evolution. The chromosome homologies have been further extended in the primates by comparative gene mapping of homologous enzyme structural genes using somatic cell hybrids...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved regions of homologous G-banded chromosomes between orders in mammalian evolution: carnivores and primates.

Nash¹,

O’Brien²

1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, despite the enormous range of genetic traits to investigate, progress in mapping the corresponding loci has been hampered, until recently, by the paucity of information about the canine genome. This problem has been compounded by the difficulties in karyotyping the dog genome, which has a large number (38 pairs of autosomes, X, Y) of small, similar, and mostly acrocentric chromosomes (11)(12)(13)(14). With the exception of a few X-linked disease phenotypes (see refs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage analysis and comparative mapping of canine progressive rod–cone degeneration ( prcd ) establishes potential locus homology with retinitis pigmentosa (RP17) in humans

Acland

Ray

Mellersh

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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Progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd) is the most widespread hereditary retinal disease leading to blindness in dogs and phenotypically is the canine counterpart of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in humans. In previous efforts to identify the genetic locus for prcd, the canine homologs for many of the genes causally associated with RP in humans, such as RHO, PDE6B, and RDS͞peripherin, have been excluded. In parallel with a recent undertaking to establish a framework map of the canine genome, multiple prcdinformative pedigrees have been typed with a panel of more than 100 anchor loci and microsatellite-based markers. Identification of a linkage group f lanking prcd ([TK1, GALK1, prcd]-[MYL4, C09.173, C09.2263]-RARA-C09.250-C09.474-NF1) localizes prcd close to the centromeric end of canine chromosome 9 (CFA9), and excludes RARA as a candidate gene. The conserved synteny of this region of CFA9 and distal human chromosome 17q establishes the potential locus homology of prcd in the dog with RP17, a human retinitis pigmentosa locus for which no gene has yet been identified. Assignment of the prcd disease locus to an identified canine autosome represents a powerful application of the developing canine linkage map in medical genetics. The usefulness of this approach is further demonstrated by identification of the correspondence of the prcd interval to homologous human and mouse chromosomal regions. The rapid progress that is now occurring in the field of canine genetics will expedite the identification of the genes underlying many of the inherited traits and diseases that make the dog a unique asset for the study of mammalian traits.

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“…The fibroblast contamination was very low. Trypsin G-banding (Wang and Federoff 1972) and chromosome nomenclature followed published reports Selden et al 1975;Switonski et al 1996). Fifty metaphases were analyzed from each culture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic, ras, and p53: studies in cases of canine neoplasms (hemangiopericytoma, mastocytoma, histiocytoma, chloroma)

Mayr

Reifinger²,

Brem³

et al. 1999

Journal of Heredity

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Four case reports of mesenchymal neoplasms showing chromosomal abnormalities are presented. In a case of hemangiopericytoma trisomy 2 and centric fusion 19;21 were present. In a mastocytoma a deleted chromosome 35 was seen. A homogeneously staining region (HSR) on chromosome 1 was detected in a histiocytoma. Trisomy 5 and monosomy 31 were observed in a case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma). The lack of mutations in exons 1 and 2 of oncogenes N-ras, Kras, and H-ras and exons 5, 6, 7, and 8 of tumor suppressor gene p53 in these four patients and in a larger series of investigated dogs (25 hemangiopericytomas, 12 mastocytomas, and 8 histiocytomas) is highlighted.

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The Giemsa banding pattern of the canine karyotype

Cited by 78 publications

References 8 publications

Conserved regions of homologous G-banded chromosomes between orders in mammalian evolution: carnivores and primates.

Conserved regions of homologous G-banded chromosomes between orders in mammalian evolution: carnivores and primates.

Linkage analysis and comparative mapping of canine progressive rod–cone degeneration ( prcd ) establishes potential locus homology with retinitis pigmentosa (RP17) in humans

Cytogenetic, ras, and p53: studies in cases of canine neoplasms (hemangiopericytoma, mastocytoma, histiocytoma, chloroma)

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