The Giant Seymareh Landslide (Zagros Mts., Iran): A Lesson for Evaluating Multi-temporal Hazard Scenarios

Delchiaro, Michele; Rouhi, Javad; Seta, Marta Della; Martino, Salvatore; Nozaem, Reza; Dehbozorgi, Maryam

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43953-8_13

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During the early Holocene (~10-9 ka), when the emplacement of the Seymareh landslide formed the dam lakes (Roberts and Evans, 2013;Shoaei, 2014;Delchiaro et al, 2019Delchiaro et al, , 2020, dry climate conditions prevailed in the Middle East, as demonstrated by the δ 18 O curves reported in Fig. 9 (Stevens et al, 2001;Wick et al, 2003;Stevens et al, 2006;Çagatay et al, 2014;Andrews et al, 2020).…”

Section: Regional Paleoclimatic Evolution (10-7 Ka)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this paper, we focused on Seymareh Lake, which was generated at ~10 ka by the largest rock slope failure (44 Gm 3 ) ever recorded on the exposed Earth surface, known as the giant Seymareh landslide (Watson and Wright, 1969;Roberts and Evans, 2013;Shoaei, 2014;Delchiaro et al, 2019Delchiaro et al, , 2020Rouhi et al, 2019Rouhi et al, , 2022. The Seymareh landslide (33 • 03 ′ 33.13 ′′ N, 47 • 39 ′ 52.87 ′′ E) detached from the northeastern limb of the Kabir-Kuh anticline (Zagros Mountains, Iran) creating the natural dam responsible for the formation of a three-lake system consisting of Seymareh, Jaidar, and Balmak lakes, with areas of 259, 46, and 5 km 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Seymareh landslide (33 • 03 ′ 33.13 ′′ N, 47 • 39 ′ 52.87 ′′ E) detached from the northeastern limb of the Kabir-Kuh anticline (Zagros Mountains, Iran) creating the natural dam responsible for the formation of a three-lake system consisting of Seymareh, Jaidar, and Balmak lakes, with areas of 259, 46, and 5 km 2 , respectively. The endorheic lake system persisted for ~3 ka during the Holocene before its emptying phase caused by overflow (Delchiaro et al, 2019(Delchiaro et al, , 2020. Shoaei (2014) suggested that the Seymareh landslide dam overflow was caused by the high discharge of the Kashkan River into the smaller reservoir of Jaidar Lake that led the latter to drain into Seymareh Lake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve the objective, we analyzed a 30-m-thick lacustrine succession from Seymareh Lake with a conventional geomorphological approach aimed at reconstructing the Seymareh landscape evolution by means of the local succession of fluvial terraces, the latter being already studied and chronologically constrained by Delchiaro et al (2019Delchiaro et al ( , 2020. The lacustrine sedimentary succession was studied by a multimethod approach consisting of grain size analysis and statistics, carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of carbonate-bearing sediments, and Xray diffraction analysis of clay minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Morphoevolution of the Seymareh landslide-dam lake system (Zagros Mountains, Iran): Implications for Holocene climate and environmental changes

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Regional Paleoclimatic Evolution (10-7 Ka)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morphoevolution of the Seymareh landslide-dam lake system (Zagros Mountains, Iran): Implications for Holocene climate and environmental changes

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In particular, Delchiaro et al (2019) estimated that the Seymareh damming lake persisted for ~3,500 years before starting to empty at ~6.6 ka due to lake overflow, as demonstrated by the OSL age obtained for a strath terrace shaped by the Seymareh River on the landslide debris. Moreover, Delchiaro et al (2020a), Delchiaro et al (2020b) proposed a quantitative morphometric evaluation and prediction of the catchment-scale suspended sediment yield on the scar area and demonstrated that the erosion rate affecting the landslide after the cut of the landslide dam by the Seymareh River is comparable to the age defined as a time constraint for the emptying of the lake.…”

Section: The Seymareh Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Emplacement Kinematics of the Seymareh Landslide (Zagros Mts., Iran) Through a Novel Spatial Statistical Approach

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The giant prehistoric Seymareh landslide in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) is one of the largest known landslides on the Earth’s surface. The debris with an estimated volume of 44 km3 dammed two rivers, generating three lakes, that persisted for about 3 ka after the event. The post-overflow morphodynamics, characterized by an accelerated and intense stream network erosion, obliterated most of the primary landforms, such as ridges and blocks on the debris surface, making it difficult for scientists to interpret the emplacement kinematics of the landslide. In this regard, a novel spatial statistical approach is proposed here to zone the landslide debris in primary (original) and secondary (modified) regions which are, respectively, attributed to the original shape of the landslide debris and the one reshaped by fluvial erosion. The zonal computation combines the density classes of the mapped primary (ridge and blocks) and secondary (gullies) landforms, according to assumed conditions for representativeness of primary and secondary zones. For validating the model, 62 soil samples taken from the debris surface were classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System standard, and the field density measurements were performed in 28 sites. Based on the classification results, six types of soils were detected, among which 68% of them were ML. The ML samples were aggregated into five subgroups based on their relative proximity, and for each subgroup, four permeability tests were performed. The permeability results demonstrate that the high permeability values are associated with secondary zones, while low values with primary ones, thus confirming the zonation proposed by the statistical approach. The study of the spatial arrangement of the kinematic evidence on the primary landforms allowed to deduce that the landslide was a double-step single event, which infilled a paleo-valley enclosed by two anticline folds. During the emplacement, a part of the debris dissipated its energy over passing the anticlines with divergent directions, NW and NE, while the rest swept back into the Seymareh paleo-valley into the SE direction. The proposed approach represents a promising tool for the detection of primary landforms to assess the emplacement kinematics of landslides.

show abstract

The role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran)

Delchiaro¹,

Seta²,

Martino³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research focuses on the role of fold growth and river incision in predisposing time-dependent gravitational deformation in slope-scale rock masses. We analyse the case study of the Loumar landslide affecting the NE flank of the Gavar anticline (Zagros Mts., Iran). The landslide evolution seems related to the fold growth that induced the abandonment of a meandering canyon and generated a new narrow gorge that kinetically released the limestone carapace of the flank. In this regard, we infer that Quaternary tectonic deformation and landscape evolution of the fold prepared the flank to the initiation of a Mass Rock Creep (MRC) driven deformation, that evolved into the Loumar viscosity-driven rockslide presently affecting the slope, as evidenced by remote sensing analyses and field survey. We constrain the chronology of the major events that led to the gravitational deformation, through linear temporal conversion of river longitudinal profiles, geomorphometry and OSL dating. The evolution of the drainage network on the flanks of the antiformal ridge highlights that between 568 +330/-165 and 81±38 ka, the fold growth, splitted the major streams flowing perpendicular to the fold axis growth. The tectonic deformation related to the vertical and the lateral growth of the fold towards NW, in association with the propagation of minor folds, likely allowed the initiation of the MRC deformation process, in response to river incision. The MRC process cumulated elasto-plastic strain until 5.52±0.36 ka, when the slope evolved into a failure causing the partial occlusion of the valley and the generation of a pond. Hosted filedelchiaro_et_al_2021_supplementary.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/548421/ articles/604321-the-role-of-tectonic-deformation-and-landscape-evolution-in-theoccurrence-of-mass-rock-creep-driven-landslides-the-loumar-landslide-zagros-belt-iran Hosted file essoar.10507858.1.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/548421/articles/604321-therole-of-tectonic-deformation-and-landscape-evolution-in-the-occurrence-of-mass-rockcreep-driven-landslides-the-loumar-landslide-zagros-belt-iranThe role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran

show abstract

The Giant Seymareh Landslide (Zagros Mts., Iran): A Lesson for Evaluating Multi-temporal Hazard Scenarios

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Morphoevolution of the Seymareh landslide-dam lake system (Zagros Mountains, Iran): Implications for Holocene climate and environmental changes

Morphoevolution of the Seymareh landslide-dam lake system (Zagros Mountains, Iran): Implications for Holocene climate and environmental changes

New Insights on the Emplacement Kinematics of the Seymareh Landslide (Zagros Mts., Iran) Through a Novel Spatial Statistical Approach

The role of tectonic deformation and landscape evolution in the occurrence of Mass Rock Creep driven landslides: the Loumar landslide (Zagros Belt, Iran)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About