The Germanic Suffix -ar-ja

Goebel, Julius

doi:10.2307/456408

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1992

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“…(3) The standard view is that *-arjaz came from Latin -anus, although Goebel (1900) opposed this position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OE-estre and PGmc. *-ārjaz: The origin and development of two agentive suffixes in Germanic

Davis

1992

Am. J. Ger. Linguist. Lit.

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PGmc. *-ārjaz was borrowed from Latin, and became a productive masculine agentive suffix in the older Germanic languages, gradually displacing various native agentive suffixes. Despite some assertions to the contrary, OE -estre can be shown to have been a feminine agentive suffix of Germanic origin that was also applied to certain feminine animal names. During the Old English period, a pattern obtained whereby masculine agent nouns were frequently derived using -ere (< PGmc. *-ārjaz), while the corresponding feminine agent nouns used -estre. This system was partially preserved in Modern Dutch, but died out in English as -er was increasingly used to form agent nouns of both genders.*

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“…(3) The standard view is that *-arjaz came from Latin -anus, although Goebel (1900) opposed this position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OE-estre and PGmc. *-ārjaz: The origin and development of two agentive suffixes in Germanic

Davis

1992

Am. J. Ger. Linguist. Lit.

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show abstract

“…The vestibular system senses movement, and sends this information to the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei in the brainstem. Motion and other sensory information are processed and integrated: gaze is stabilised during head movement by means of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and body and head stability is maintained via the vestibulospinal reflex and vestibulocollic reflex respectively 1 , 2 . A pathway that includes the saccule, inferior vestibular nerve and vestibulospinal tract mediates and actives the vestibulocollic reflex 3 , 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%