The German version of the Fear of Sleep Inventory - Short Form: A psychometric study

Drexl, Konstantin; Kunze, Anna E.; Werner, Gabriela G.

doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.05.004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, a fear of sleep may reflect an inability to inhibit fear in the presence of safety, which is a putative biomarker of PTSD [ 38 ]. Notably, none of the trauma load variables were significant covariates in these models, supporting previous evidence that fear of sleep may be a consequence of PTSD rather than trauma exposure alone [ 39 ]. Nonetheless, it is possible that fear of sleep develops in response to certain trauma types (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Before doing so, however, it would be important for researchers to first identify cutoff scores for detecting the point(s) at which fear of sleep becomes clinically significant, as this remains unclear [ 13 ]. For example, levels of fear of sleep vary considerably across studies of trauma-exposed adults [ 14 , 23 ] and adolescents [ 39 , 46 ], and these discrepancies underscore the need to better understand when fear of sleep warrants intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fear of sleep in first responders: associations with trauma types, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances

Reffi,

Kalmbach,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Sleep Advances

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Study Objectives Fear of sleep contributes to insomnia in some individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but remains uncharacterized in first responders, a population with high rates of insomnia and PTSD. We evaluated the clinical relevance of fear of sleep in first responders by (1) examining its relationship with trauma types and clinical symptoms and (2) assessing differences in fear of sleep severity between those reporting provisional PTSD, insomnia, or both. Methods A cross-sectional study of 242 first responders across the United States (59.2% male, 86.4% white, 56.2% law enforcement officers, 98.7% active duty, and Myears of service = 17). Participants completed the Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form and measures of trauma history, psychopathology (e.g. PTSD), and sleep disturbances (insomnia and trauma-related nightmares). Results Fear of sleep was associated with trauma types characterized by interpersonal violence and victimization, as well as symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol use problems, insomnia, and trauma-related nightmares. Fear of sleep was most pronounced among first responders reporting provisional PTSD comorbid with insomnia compared to those with PTSD or insomnia only. Post hoc analyses revealed PTSD hyperarousal symptoms and trauma-related nightmares were independently associated with fear of sleep, even after adjusting for the remaining PTSD clusters, insomnia, sex, and years of service. Conclusions Fear of sleep is a clinically relevant construct in first responders that is associated with a broad range of psychopathology symptoms and is most severe among those with cooccurring PTSD and insomnia. Fear of sleep may merit targeted treatment in first responders. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Health in the Justice System Collection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of sleep in first responders: associations with trauma types, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances

Reffi,

Kalmbach,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Sleep Advances

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“…It is worth noting that the data collected in this study was also used to validate the German version of the Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form (FOSI-SF; Drexl, Kunze, & Werner, 2019 ). Both projects were preregistered specifying their different research foci and analytic approaches ( Kunze, Drexl, Metodiev, & Werner, 2017 ; Werner, Metodiev, Drexl, & Kunze, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, nightmares were assessed using the German version of the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ; range 13-65; Böckermann, Gieselmann, & Pietrowsky, 2014 ) with excellent internal consistency in the present sample (α = .91). Additionally, FoS was measured via the German version of the FOSI-SF ( Drexl et al, 2019 ). The FOSI-SF contains 13 items (range 0–52) on the fear of being particularly vulnerable during sleep, fear of experiencing nightmares, fear of darkness, and related behaviors, such as sleeping with lights on.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-sleep arousal and fear of sleep in trauma-related sleep disturbances: A cluster-analytic approach

Werner

Danböck²,

Metodiev

et al. 2020

Clin. Psychol. Eur.

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Background Trauma-related sleep disturbances constitute critical symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but sleep symptoms often reside even after successful trauma-focused psychotherapy. Therefore, currently unattended factors – like fear of sleep (FoS) – might play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of residual sleep disturbances. However, it is unclear whether trauma-exposed individuals exhibit different symptomatic profiles of sleep disturbances that could inform individualized therapeutic approaches and eventually enhance treatment efficacy. Method In a large online study, a two-step cluster analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method were performed to explore subgroups among trauma-exposed individuals (N = 471) in terms of FoS, different aspects of trauma-related sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia symptoms, nightmares, arousal), and PTSD symptoms. These variables were compared between resulting clusters using ANOVAs and Scheffé’s post-hoc tests. Results The hierarchical cluster analysis supported 3- and 4-cluster solutions. The 3-cluster solution consisted of one “healthy” (n = 199), one “subclinical” (n = 223), and one “clinical” (n = 49) cluster, with overall low, medium, and high symptomatology on all used variables. In the 4-cluster solution, the clinical cluster was further divided into two subgroups (n = 38, n = 11), where one cluster was specifically characterized by elevated somatic pre-sleep arousal and high levels of FoS. Conclusions A subgroup of trauma-exposed individuals with PTSD and sleep disturbances suffers from increased pre-sleep arousal and FoS, which has been suggested as one possible explanation for residual sleep disturbances. In these patients, FoS might be a relevant treatment target.

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“…Fear of sleep and pre‐sleep arousal were assessed by a short version of each measure to limit participant burden. Items were derived from the Fear of Sleep Inventory – Short Form (FOSI‐SF; Drexl et al, 2019) and the Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS; Gieselmann et al, 2012). The item choice followed theoretical considerations or previously reported factor loadings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom dynamics among nightmare sufferers: An intensive longitudinal study

Dumser

Werner

Ehring

et al. 2022

Journal of Sleep Research

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Nightmares are considerably prevalent in the general population and are known to be closely associated with a variety of mental disorders. However, not much is known about the immediate antecedents and consequences of nightmares. Therefore, we used intensive longitudinal assessments to investigate the night-to-night within-person associations between nightmares on the one hand and fear of sleep, somatic as well as cognitive pre-sleep arousal, and sleep quality on the other hand.Young women with regular nightmares (n = 16) maintained a sleep diary for around 30 days; upon awaking, the participants reported on nightmares and sleep quality during the past night as well as the pre-sleep levels of arousal and fear of sleep (which resulted in 461 observations). Participants also wore an actigraph, which provided objective sleep parameters. Multilevel modeling showed that higher levels of fear of sleep and lower subjective sleep quality were significantly associated with higher levels of nightmare distress. Furthermore, we found individual differences in the strength of these associations, which implies that factors proximate to nightmares may vary across individuals. Pre-sleep arousal, however, did not show expected within-person associations with nightmares or fear of sleep. These findings highlight the crucial role of fear of sleep in the etiology of nightmares and sleep disturbances, while pointing to the importance of pursuing individual, personalised models that explain heterogeneity in the process of triggering nightmares.

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The German version of the Fear of Sleep Inventory - Short Form: A psychometric study

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Fear of sleep in first responders: associations with trauma types, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances

Fear of sleep in first responders: associations with trauma types, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances

Pre-sleep arousal and fear of sleep in trauma-related sleep disturbances: A cluster-analytic approach

Symptom dynamics among nightmare sufferers: An intensive longitudinal study

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