The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution

Manoutsoglou, E.; Lazos, Ilias; Steiakakis, E.; Vafeidis, Antonios

doi:10.3390/app122010670

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the region has experienced significant ecological degradation as a result of a combination of natural and anthropogenic disturbances which directly threaten the health of ecosystem service functions [8]. Research on ecosystem service functions in this region helps to enhance the sustainability of karst landscapes [10][11][12] and ensure the sustainable development of regional ecosystem services [13,14]. However, the majority of previous studies focused on non-karst regions or karst areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dynamics of Ecosystem Services and Their Influencing Factors in Ecologically Fragile Southwest China

Ci,

Ye,

Liao

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Southwest China has one of the largest karst landscapes on the Earth and an ecologically fragile environment. A better understanding of how ecosystem services function in karst areas helps ecological preservation and policy implementation. However, little effort has been made to evaluate the long-term dynamics of ecosystem services across Southwest China. This study systematically analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns and the values of three typical ecosystem service functions, including water conservation, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation, as well as the effects of precipitation and land use changes between 2000 and 2020. The results showed that water conservation exhibited an overall decrease from southeast to northwest, while soil conservation showed the opposite trend. The regions with an increasing trend in carbon sequestration were mainly distributed in Guizhou, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Compared to the year 2000, the percentage of water conservation and soil conservation decreased by 4.50% and 0.76%, respectively. However, carbon sequestration increased by 94.35%. The total value of ecosystem services in Southwest China showed a 90.00% increase in 2020 relative to 2000. Water conservation and carbon sequestration had a much closer correlation with precipitation. The impact of soil conservation was more significantly influenced by land use changes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dynamics of Ecosystem Services and Their Influencing Factors in Ecologically Fragile Southwest China

Ci,

Ye,

Liao

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…In karst areas, due to surface water shortages and flood disasters, many reservoirs have also been built for water supply and flood control in southern China, the Balkans, the Dinaric region, the Apennines, Iberia, the eastern United States, etc. [15,22,[25][26][27]. Therefore, a spring (groundwater)-river-lake/reservoir continuum can be formed due to natural hydrological condition changes in the karst area, which is also a "carbon-rich" system because the rich bicarbonate contents in water result from the interaction of CO 2 -H 2 O-CaCO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanisms Controlling the CO2 Outgassing of a Karst Spring–River–Lake Continuum: Evidence from Baotuquan Spring Drainage Area, Jinan City, Northern China

Wen

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

Water

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The significance of CO2 emissions at the water–air interface from inland water bodies in the global carbon cycle has been recognized and is being studied more and more. Although it is important to accurately assess CO2 emission flux in a catchment, little research has been carried out to investigate the spatio-temporal variations in CO2 emissions in view of a water continuum. Here, we systematically compared the differences and control factors of CO2 degassing across the water–air interface of a spring–river–lake continuum in the discharge area of Baotuquan Spring in July 2017, which is a typical temperate karst spring area in Jinan city, northern China, using hydrogeochemical parameters, stable carbon isotope values, and CO2 degassing flux. Affected by the pCO2 concentration gradient between the water and ambient air, the spring water showed a high CO2 degassing flux (166.19 ± 91.91 mmol/(m2 d)). After the spring outlet, the CO2 degassing flux in the spring-fed river showed a slight increase (181.05 ± 155.61 mmol/(m2 d)) due to river flow rate disturbance. The river flow rate was significantly reduced by the “blockage” of the lake, which promoted the survival and reproduction of phytoplankton and provided favorable conditions for aquatic plant photosynthesis, increasing the plankton biomass in the lake to 3383.79 × 104/L. In addition, the significant decrease in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and the increase in the δ13CDIC values in the lake also indicated that the photosynthesis of the lake’s aquatic plants resulted in a significant decrease in the pCO2 concentration, thus limiting the amount of CO2 off-gassing (90.56 ± 55.03 mmol/(m2 d)).

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“…Based on the genetic classification of geomorphic elements (mountains, valleys, basins, etc. ), geometric coding of the basic types of geomorphic forms is carried out [43][44][45]. To study structural landforms such as mountains, valleys, basins, and other types of geomorphology, it is essential to begin with the definition of structural geomorphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Approach for Expressing Structural Landforms: Forms, Elements, and Relationships

Liu,

Lu,

Meng

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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A structural landform is defined by its surface morphology, controlled by tectonics, lithology (arrangement and resistance), and folded structures, and demonstrated by the characteristics and relationships between geological and geomorphic elements. It is very important to use geographic information system (GIS) technology to accurately describe and express elements of structural landforms and their relationships. In this study, a GIS approach for expressing structural landforms, based on “forms–elements–relationships”, was developed. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Combined with the surface morphological characteristics, the structural landforms were abstracted into geological and geomorphic elements, and the characteristics and relationships of these elements were analyzed. (2) The elements of structural landforms and their relationships were abstracted into spatial objects and topological relationships. The spatial objects of the structural landform were designed based on the types and characteristics of structural landform elements. The topological relationships were developed based on the definition of the structural landform morphotype. (3) The structural landform markup language (SLML) method of “forms–elements–relationships” was created. (4) Two typical structural landforms, namely, Qixia Mountain and Gaoli Mountain, were used as examples to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the GIS approach for expressing structural landforms. This paper describes and expresses the “forms–elements–relationships” of structural landforms from the perspective of GIS, which is expected to promote the joint development of structural geomorphology and GIS.

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The Geomorphological and Geological Structure of the Samaria Gorge, Crete, Greece—Geological Models Comprehensive Review and the Link with the Geomorphological Evolution

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Long-Term Dynamics of Ecosystem Services and Their Influencing Factors in Ecologically Fragile Southwest China

Long-Term Dynamics of Ecosystem Services and Their Influencing Factors in Ecologically Fragile Southwest China

The Mechanisms Controlling the CO2 Outgassing of a Karst Spring–River–Lake Continuum: Evidence from Baotuquan Spring Drainage Area, Jinan City, Northern China

GIS Approach for Expressing Structural Landforms: Forms, Elements, and Relationships

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