The Geometry of the Infrared and X-Ray Obscurer in a Dusty Hyperluminous Quasar

Farrah, D.; Baloković, Mislav; Stern, Daniel; Harris, Kathryn A.; Kunimoto, Michelle; Walton, D. J.; Alexander, D. M.; Arévalo, P.; Ballantyne, D. R.; Bauer, F. E.; Boggs, Steven E.; Brandt, W. N.; Brightman, Murray; Christensen, Finn Erland; Clements, D. L.; Craig, William W.; Fabian, A. C.; Hailey, Charles J.; Harrison, Fiona A.; Koss, Michael; Lansbury, G. B.; Luo, B.; Paine, Jennie; Petty, Sara; Pitchford, Lura K; Ricci, Cláudio; Zhang, William

doi:10.3847/0004-637x/831/1/76

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…Notice that these values are reported in Columns 2 and 4 of Table 1. bS2 baseline model, where the viewing and half-opening angles are tied together, is enough to explain the observations at both wavelengths. The fact that the inclination and half-opening angles from mid-IR and X-ray are directly linked to the same value is consistent with previous results (Farrah et al 2016). Furthermore, the σ parameter could be related to the opening angle of the ionization cone, which is a tracer of [OIII] emission (e.g.…”

Section: Link Between Mid-ir Continuum and Reprocessed Emission At X-supporting

confidence: 93%

Physical Parameters of the Torus for the Type 2 Seyfert IC 5063 from Mid-IR and X-Ray Simultaneous Spectral Fitting

Esparza-Arredondo¹,

González‐Martín²,

Dultzin³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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In order to understand the diversity of classes observed in active galactic nuclei (AGN), a geometrically and optically thick torus of gas and dust is required to obscure the central engine depending on the line of sight to the observer. We perform a simultaneous fitting of X-ray and mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra to investigate if the same structure could produce both emissions and, if this the case, to obtain better constraints for the physical parameters of the torus. In this case we take advantage of the fact that both emissions show important signatures of obscuration. We used the nearby type-2 active nucleus IC 5063 as a test object. This object is ideal because of the wealth of archival data including some high resolution data. It also has a relatively high AGN luminosity that dominates at both X-ray and mid-IR frequencies. We use high spectral resolution NuSTAR and IRS/Spitzer spectra. The AGN dusty models used several physically motivated models. We found that the combination of the smooth torus models at mid-IR by Fritz et al. (2006) and at X-rays by Baloković et al. (2018), with the viewing and half-opening angles linked to the same value, is the best choice to fit the spectra at both wavelengths. This allows us to determine all the parameters of its torus. This result suggests that the structure producing the continuum emission at mid-IR and the reflection component at X-ray is the same. Therefore, we prove that this technique can be used to infer the physical properties of the torus, at least when AGN dust dominates the mid-IR emission and the reflection component is significant at X-rays.

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Section: Link Between Mid-ir Continuum and Reprocessed Emission At X-supporting

confidence: 93%

Physical Parameters of the Torus for the Type 2 Seyfert IC 5063 from Mid-IR and X-Ray Simultaneous Spectral Fitting

Esparza-Arredondo¹,

González‐Martín²,

Dultzin³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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“…This sample is one of the largest of obscured AGN with this high quality of IR and hard Xray data. Given the varied selection criteria of the S17 and B18 samples and our combination thereof, we investigated how well each of them, as well as our overlap sample of 69, 1 This type of analysis has been performed for individual objects (e.g., Farrah et al 2016 Koss et al (2017) recently showed that Sy1.9 AGNs could have column densities up to the Compton-thick regime. Only 12 sources in our sample fall into this category and they are not clustered in the parameters we examine.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Covering Fraction Distribution of Swift/BAT AGNs with X-Ray and Infrared Observations

Lanz

Hickox

Baloković

et al. 2018

ApJ

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We present an analysis of a sample of 69 local obscured Swift/Burst Alert Telescope active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with X-ray spectra from NuSTAR and infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions from Herschel and WISE. We combine this X-ray and IR phenomenological modeling and find a significant correlation between reflected hard X-ray emission and IR AGN emission, with suggestive indications that this correlation may be stronger than the one between intrinsic hard X-ray and IR emissions. This relation between the IR and reflected X-ray emission suggests that both are the result of the processing of intrinsic emission from the corona and accretion disk by the same structure. We explore the resulting implications on the underlying distribution of covering fraction for all AGNs, by generating mock observables for the reflection parameter and IR luminosity ratio using empirical relations found for the covering fraction with each quantity. We find that the observed distributions of the reflection parameter and IR-to-X-ray ratio are reproduced with broad distributions centered around covering fractions of at least ∼ 40%−50%, whereas narrower distributions match our observations only when centered around covering fractions of ∼ 70% − 80%. Our results are consistent with both independent estimates of the covering fractions of individual objects and the typical covering fraction obtained on the basis of obscured fractions for samples of AGNs. These results suggest that the level of reprocessing in AGNs, including X-ray reflection, is related in a relatively straightforward way to the geometry of the obscuring material.

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“…The first publications from the NuSTAR survey programs are now further broadening the number of highly obscured sources in the Universe (e.g. Brightman et al 2015;Farrah et al 2016;Marchesi et al 2016;Masini et al 2016Masini et al , 2018Ursini et al 2017).…”

Section: The Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular gas content in obscured AGN at z > 1

Perna

Sargent

Brusa

et al. 2018

A&A

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Aims. The standard active galactic nuclei (AGN)-galaxy co-evolutionary scenario predicts a phase of deeply "buried" supermassive black hole growth coexisting with a starburst (SB) before feedback phenomena deplete the cold molecular gas reservoir of the galaxy and an optically luminous quasar (QSO) is revealed ("SB-QSO evolutionary sequence"). The aim of this work is to measure the cold gas reservoir of three highly obscured QSOs to test if their gas fraction is similar to that of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), as expected by some models, and place these measurements in the context of the SB-QSO framework. Methods. We target CO(1-0) transition in BzK4892, a Compton Thick (CT) QSO at z=2.6, CO(1-0) in BzK8608 and CO(2-1) in CDF153, two highly obscured (N H ≈ 6 × 10 23 cm −2 ) QSOs at z = 2.5 and z = 1.5, respectively. For all these targets, we place 3σ upper limits on the CO lines, with L CO < (1.5 ÷ 2.8) × 10 10 K km/s pc 2 . We also compare the molecular gas conditions of our targets with those of other systems at z > 1, considering normal star forming galaxies and SMGs, unobscured and obscured AGN from the literature. For the AGN samples, we provide an updated and (almost) complete collection of targets with CO follow-up at z > 1. Results. BzK4892 displays a high star formation efficiency (SFE = L IR /L CO > 410 L /(K km s −1 pc 2 )) and a gas fraction f gas = M gas /(M star + M gas ) < 10%. Less stringent constraints are derived for the other two targets ( f gas < 0.5 and SFE > 10 L /(K km s −1 pc 2 )). From the comparison with literature data, we found that, on average, i) obscured AGN at z > 1 are associated with higher SFE and lower f gas with respect to normal star forming galaxies and SMGs; ii) mildly and highly obscured active galaxies have comparable gas fractions; iii) the SFE of CT and obscured AGN are similar to those of unobscured AGN.Conclusions. Within the SB-QSO framework, these findings could be consistent with a scenario where feedback can impact the host galaxy already from the early phases of the SB-QSO evolutionary sequence.

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The Geometry of the Infrared and X-Ray Obscurer in a Dusty Hyperluminous Quasar

Cited by 23 publications

References 153 publications

Physical Parameters of the Torus for the Type 2 Seyfert IC 5063 from Mid-IR and X-Ray Simultaneous Spectral Fitting

Physical Parameters of the Torus for the Type 2 Seyfert IC 5063 from Mid-IR and X-Ray Simultaneous Spectral Fitting

Investigating the Covering Fraction Distribution of Swift/BAT AGNs with X-Ray and Infrared Observations

Molecular gas content in obscured AGN at z > 1

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