The Geometry of a Domed Architecture: A Stately Example of Kārbandi at Bagh-e Dolat Abad in Yazd

Currently, there is a tendency to use Islamic Geometric Patterns (IGPs) as important identities and cultural elements of building design in the Middle East. Despite high demand, lack of information about the potential of IGPs principles have led to formal inspiration in the design of existing buildings. Many research studies have been carried out on the principles of IGPs. However, comprehensive studies relating to new possibilities, such as structure-based, sustainable-based, and aesthetic-based purposes, developed by computer science and related technologies, are relatively rare. This article reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge of IGPs, provides a survey of the main principles, presents the status quo, and identifies gaps in recent research directions. Finally, future prospects are discussed by focussing on different aspects of the principles in accordance with collected evidence obtained during the review process.

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“…Karbandi is formed based on two-dimensional star patterns, shamseh [96]. It is called rasmibandi when it excludes the structural objectives.…”

Section: Structural-based Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Application-based principles of islamic geometric patterns; state-of-the-art, and future trends in computer science/technologies: a review

Azari

Bemanian²,

Mahdavinejad³

et al. 2023

Herit Sci

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“…1. To understand geometric principles and relationships of all types of karbandi vault, see: Amjad Mohammadi et al (2018Mohammadi et al ( , 2020, Asefi et al (2019) and Garofalo (2016).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configuration processing and construction of large-span karbandi vaults: a case of the karbandi vaulting of Haj-Mohammad-Qoli Timche in Tabriz Historic Bazaar

Mohammadi

Safaeipour

Chenaghlou

et al. 2022

ECAM

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PurposeThis paper aims at discovering the traditional techniques of Persian architecture for covering large-span spaces with a kind of ribbed vault titled “Karbandi”. This structure is generated by intersecting several arches with a harmonic stellar geometry. Preliminary studies show that span factor affects the structural form of karbandi and large-span cases, despite similar architectural forms, have different structural systems and specific construction methods. The main focus of this paper is how karbandi has been designed and built on large-spans. To answer this question, the configuration and construction of a large-span karbandi in Tabriz Bazaar were recognized.Design/methodology/approachData collection of the research was initially done in three parallel directions through the archival study of restoration documents, direct observation of the corpus of the vaultings and interviews with the master mason of the Haj-Mohammad-Qoli Timche restoration team. Then by cross-referencing the gathered data, the construction process of the karbandi was simulated in Rhino 6 and Grasshoppers software and its BIM-M models were created in three levels of development: LOD300, LOD350 and LOD400. In the next step, the preliminary BIM-M models of the karbandi were presented to the interviewed mason and revised and completed based on his comments.FindingsAnalyzing the BIM models by reverse engineering, resulted in (1) Discovering a unique self-supporting masonry construction method applied for the erection of karbandi vaulting on large-spans. (2) Finding the effect of scale factor on the architectural and structural form of the karbandi vault. (3) Discovering the connection types of the karbandi vault based on the construction details.Originality/valueDespite the wide applications of karbandi vaults throughout history, very little information of their construction techniques is available. The techniques have mostly been experientially and orally passed down from masters to apprentices and rarely been documented. The quest to design and construct a karbandi vault is therefore like solving a puzzle whose most important guide is historical cases. Due to the geometric complexity of karbandi and its ability to cover large-span spaces, solving the puzzle can lead to achieving some technical ideas for masonry cross-ribbed vaulting. A great riddle of the karbandi vaults is how to design and build them on a large span.

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“…This ancient, natural ventilation system, which was an essential architectural element in residential buildings and structures located in the desert, kept the water at near-freezing temperatures. Garofalo (2016) analyzed the karbandi of the Hashti pavilion at Bagh-e-Dolat Abad. Karbandi is a spatial system obtained through the projection of a star-shaped drawing onto a curved surface.…”

Section: Bagh-e-dowlat Abad Yazdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He reported that the karbandi of the octagonal vestibule of the Hashti pavilion consists of a complex roof system that completes the octagonal volume of the room below; its intrados presents a pattern of interlocking ribbed arches. Garofalo (2016) also studied the drawings, module, and proportions of the Hashti pavilion with the exclusive purpose of providing a key to reading geometries that, although complex in appearance can, in reality, be traced using a simple ruler and compass.…”

Section: Bagh-e-dowlat Abad Yazdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Urban Gardens of Persia: Concept, History, and Influence on Other World Gardens

Fallahi

Fallahi²,

Mahdavi

2020

hortte

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The history of Persian gardens goes back to a few millennia before the emergence of Islam in Iran (Persia). Designs of Persian gardens have influenced and are used extensively in the gardens of Al-Andalus in Spain, Humayun’s Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, and many gardens in the United States and other countries around the globe. Bagh in the Persian language (Farsi) means garden and the word Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq) is rooted from the words bagh and daad (meaning “the garden of justice”). Pasargadae, the ancient Persian capital city, is the earliest example of Persian garden design known in human civilization as chahar bagh or 4-fold garden design. Bagh-e-Eram, or Garden of Eden or Eram Garden, is one the most attractive Persian gardens and is located in Shiraz, Iran. There are numerous other urban ancient gardens in Iran, including Bagh-e-Shahzadeh (Shazdeh), meaning “The Prince’s Garden” in Mahan, Golestan National Park near the Caspian Sea; Bagh-e-Fin in Kashan; Bagh-e-El-Goli in Tabriz; and Bagh-e-Golshan in Tabas. The design of each Persian garden is influenced by climate, art, beliefs, poetry, literature, and romance of the country and the region where the garden is located. In addition, each garden may have a gene bank of fruits, flowers, herbs, and vegetables. Although countless gardens were destroyed in the hands of invaders throughout the centuries, Persians have attempted either to rebuild or build new gardens generation after generation, each of which has become a favorite destination to tourists from around the world.

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The Geometry of a Domed Architecture: A Stately Example of Kārbandi at Bagh-e Dolat Abad in Yazd

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Application-based principles of islamic geometric patterns; state-of-the-art, and future trends in computer science/technologies: a review

Application-based principles of islamic geometric patterns; state-of-the-art, and future trends in computer science/technologies: a review

Configuration processing and construction of large-span karbandi vaults: a case of the karbandi vaulting of Haj-Mohammad-Qoli Timche in Tabriz Historic Bazaar

Ancient Urban Gardens of Persia: Concept, History, and Influence on Other World Gardens

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