The geology of the Lake District—a review

Hollingworth, S. E.; Rose, William C.; Oliver, R. L.; Firman, R. J.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(54)80034-4

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is bounded on the northwest by the unconformable Carboniferous strata ; to the northeast and south the boundary is formed by either the Borrowdale Volcanics, against which the slates are either conformable or faulted, or by igneous intrusions which have been injected along the junction of the two groups. It lies within the area mapped by Ward (1876) and overlaps that mapped by Rose (in Hollingworth et al, 1955). However, the Old Series, hand-coloured, 1-inch geological map on a hachured topography is still the only official 1-inch map available for the district.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Stratigraphy of the Skiddaw Group between Buttermere and Mungrisdale, Cumberland

Jackson¹

1961

Geol. Mag.

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The Skiddaw Group between Buttermere and Troutbeck is approximately 6,000 feet thick and can be subdivided into four formations which in ascending order are: Hope Beck Slates; Loweswater Flags; Mosser-Kirk Stile Slates; Latterbarrow Sandstone. The coarser elastics exhibit most of the characteristics of sediments deposited by turbidity currents. The source of these deposits is thought to lie to the south. The occurrence of contemporaneous vulcanism in the Loweswater Flags on Watch Hill has been confirmed. Tourmaline and andalusite are recorded for the first time from the metamorphic aureole east of Crummock Water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Stratigraphy of the Skiddaw Group between Buttermere and Mungrisdale, Cumberland

Jackson¹

1961

Geol. Mag.

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“…Since the study area is entirely within the Lake District, the general geographical and geological as well as the climatic parameters of the Lake District are expected within the study area. The geographical features of the Lake District were derived from the periods of glaciations, of which the most recent one occurred about Fifteen thousand years ago [15]. The glaciations process led to the developments of valleys in the region, many of which are now filled with waters and lakes, the deepest of which is Windermere (the Largest Lake) according to Britain's Meteorological Office [16].…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glaciations process led to the developments of valleys in the region, many of which are now filled with waters and lakes, the deepest of which is Windermere (the Largest Lake) according to Britain's Meteorological Office [16]. The geological structure of Lake District is very distinct and complex, yet it has been widely studied [15]. The oldest rocks are the Skiddaw slate and Borrowdale Volcanic series while the highest mountain in England, the Scafell Pike (978 metres) is found in Cumbria Lake District [16].…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term change of the River Liza, Wild Ennerdale, England

Oyedotun¹

2011

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The long-term change of the River Liza in the Ennerdale valley, Cumbria, was mapped and analysed using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. In this paper, the focus was on the use of GIS to investigate, map and analyse the changes in the River Liza's meandering channel system. Cartographical modelling, planform morphological analysis and cross-sectional analysis were methods of analysis employed in the study. The datasets used were largely digitized River Liza's channel from the historical maps, aerial photo maps and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Field Survey data. It was discovered in the study that River Liza maintained a stable pattern of movement until it became diverted at Latitude 54 o 30' 47.07" and Longitude 3 o 18' 15.05" between 1993 and 2009. However, the channel's widths and depths have been far from stable; they have been increasing as a result of constant erosion of the bank and deposition within the channel, especially since the 1970s when there have been increases in rainfall in the UK. Apart from the presence of man-made features like bridges and bulwarks, the River Liza is discovered to be one of the important features in Ennerdale Valley where natural processes have been allowed to take their course in shaping the landscape and the ecology of the valley

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“…This also necessitated the equating of the Loweswater Flags and Blakefell Mudstones, the dissimilarity in lithology being attributed to a southeasterly change in facies. Moreover, in the Cockermouth area the Watch Hill Grit came to be regarded as occupying a low stratigraphical position in the Skiddaw sequence, roughly equivalent to the Loweswater Flags and owing its outcrop to inferred upfolding (Hollingworth 1954 390; Rose 1954 404). Thus the current view expresses the stratigraphy of the Skiddaw Slates in terms of only two divisions .…”

Section: Buttermere Slatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the information contained in the various Memoirs issued by the Geological Survey (Ward 1876;Eastwood et al 1931;Trotter et al 1937), reference is also made to the present area in reviews of Lake District geology by M a n (1916), Green (1920) ' Hollingworth (1954), Mitchell (1956) and Eastwood (1963). Recent work on the Skiddaw Slates has also been carried out by Rose (1954) and Jackson (1961Jackson ( , 1962.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stratigraphy and tectonics of the Skiddaw slates and the relationship of the overlying borrowdale volcanic series in part of the Lake District

Simpson

1967

Geological Journal

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The Skiddaw Slates consist of eight formations with the substantial thickness of about 30,000 ft. This geosynclinal sequence is alf Arenig age though the highest formation may continue into the Lower Llanvirn.The polyphase tectonics of the Skiddaw Slates and the relationship of the overIying Borrowdale Volcanic Series are discussed. It is concluded that the Caledonian tectonic history of this part of Britain contains two paroxysms of orogenic activity. In addition to the orthodox end-Silurian orogenesis there was also an intra-Lower Ordovician orogenic episode which took place towards the close of the Llanvirn. During the earlier tectonic climax the Skiddaw Slates were deformed by two phases of folding. Their structure is, therefore, largely of pre-Borrowdale age and bears little relation to that of the overlying cover. After this dual deformation the slaty basement was truncated by erosion and is separated from the overlying Borrowdale Volciinic Series by an angular unconformity. Only the end-Silurian folding affects the volcanic superstructure and the younger Lower Palaeozoic sequence.

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The geology of the Lake District—a review

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Stratigraphy of the Skiddaw Group between Buttermere and Mungrisdale, Cumberland

Stratigraphy of the Skiddaw Group between Buttermere and Mungrisdale, Cumberland

Long-term change of the River Liza, Wild Ennerdale, England

The stratigraphy and tectonics of the Skiddaw slates and the relationship of the overlying borrowdale volcanic series in part of the Lake District

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