The geological evolution of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia

Gertisser, Ralf; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Keller, Jörg; Quidelleur, Xavier

doi:10.1007/s00445-012-0591-3

Cited by 90 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Whole-rock compositions are similar for all analysed 2010 juvenile material (54.7-55.7 wt% SiO 2 ), with light grey inclusion material being slightly less evolved (52.6-54.4 wt% SiO 2 ) (Online Resource 3). Juvenile wholerock compositions are similar to the effusive 2006 eruption , as well as previous dome-forming eruptions (Gertisser et al 2012). To assess inter-clast textural variability, ∼50 thin sections were studied, with a sub-set of these samples chosen for feldspar microlite textural and compositional analysis, including stage 2 scoria and pumice produced during the initial explosions on 26 October, stage 4 dense and scoriaceous samples from the rapidly grown and destroyed stage 3 lava dome, light grey inclusion material recovered from stage 4 PDC deposits, interpreted to be derived from a preeruption conduit plug (Preece 2014;Gertisser et al 2015) as well as grey scoria and white pumice from stage 6 subplinian column collapse.…”

Section: Beginning Of Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Transitions between explosive and effusive phases during the cataclysmic 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transitions between explosive and effusive activity are commonly observed during dome-forming eruptions and may be linked to factors such as magma influx, ascent rate and degassing. However, the interplay between these factors is complex and the resulting eruptive behaviour often unpredictable. This paper focuses on the driving forces behind the explosive and effusive activity during the well-documented 2010 eruption of Merapi, the volcano's largest eruption since 1872. Time-controlled samples were collected from the 2010 deposits, linked to eruption stage and style of activity. These include scoria and pumice from the initial explosions, dense and scoriaceous dome samples formed via effusive activity, as well as scoria and pumice samples deposited during subplinian column collapse. Quantitative textural analysis of groundmass feldspar microlites, including measurements of areal number density, mean microlite size, crystal aspect ratio, groundmass crystallinity and crystal size distribution analysis, reveal that shallow pre-and syn-eruptive magmatic processes acted to govern the changing behaviour during the eruption. High-An (up to ∼80 mol% An) microlites from early erupted samples reveal that the eruption was likely preceded by an influx of hotter or more mafic magma. Transitions between explosive and effusive activity in 2010 were driven primarily by the dynamics of magma ascent in the conduit, with degassing and crystallisation acting via feedback mechanisms, resulting in cycles of effusive and explosive activity. Explosivity during the 2010 eruption was enhanced by the presence of a 'plug' of cooled magma within the shallow magma plumbing system, which acted to hinder degassing, leading to overpressure prior to initial explosive activity.

show abstract

Section: Beginning Of Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Transitions between explosive and effusive phases during the cataclysmic 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 In contrast to 2010, previous episodes of volcanic activity at Merapi over the last century were frequently characterised by prolonged dome extrusion and subsequent gravitational collapse to produce block-and-ash flows (BAFs) or "Merapi-type nuées ardentes" (e.g. Andreastuti et al 2000;Newhall et al 2000;Voight et al 2000;Gertisser et al 2012a;Surono et al 2012). The previous eruption in 2006 is a well-characterised extrusive, dome-forming eruption at Merapi (Charbonnier and Gertisser 2008;Gertisser et al 2012b;Preece et al 2013;Ratdomopurbo et al 2013).…”

Section: The 2010 and 2006 Eruptions Of Merapimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All measured melt inclusions including the "high-CO 2 " inclusions are shown, some of which were subsequently re-analysed with ATR micro-FTIR. As a comparison to the 2010 and 2006 melt inclusions, clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions from two older deposits are also shown, namely a young, widespread basaltic breadcrust bombrich PDC deposit on Merapi's southern flank (Newhall et al 2000;Gertisser et al 2012a), tentatively ascribed to the VEI 4 1872 eruption, the last VEI 4 eruption prior to 2010 (Newhall et al 2000), and the pumiceous "Trayem tephra" produced during a prehistoric VEI 4 sub-plinian eruption (Gertisser 2001;Gertisser et al 2012a). Note that the breadcrust bomb and "Trayem tephra" CO 2 values were obtained by low-resolution measurements.…”

Section: F S CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

Preece

Gertisser

Barclay

et al. 2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

clasts resulting from sub-plinian convective column collapse. This paper presents geochemical data for melt inclusions and their clinopyroxene hosts extracted from dense dome lava, grey scoria and white pumice generated during the peak of the 2010 eruption. These are compared with clinopyroxenehosted melt inclusions from scoriaceous dome fragments from the prolonged dome-forming 2006 eruption, to elucidate any relationship between pre-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes and eruptive style. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles (H 2 O, CO 2 ) and light lithophile elements (Li, B, Be) is augmented by electron microprobe analysis of major elements and volatiles (Cl, S, F) in melt inclusions and groundmass glass. Geobarometric analysis shows that the clinopyroxene phenocrysts crystallised at depths of up to 20 km, with the greatest calculated depths associated with phenocrysts from the white pumice. Based on their volatile contents, melt inclusions have reequilibrated during shallower storage and/or ascent, at depths of ~0.6-9.7 km, where the Merapi magma system is interpreted to be highly interconnected and not formed of discrete magma reservoirs. Melt inclusions enriched in Li show uniform "buffered" Cl concentrations, indicating the presence of an exsolved brine phase. Boron-enriched inclusions also support the presence of a brine phase, which helped to stabilise B in the melt. Calculations based on S concentrations in melt inclusions and groundmass glass require a degassing melt volume of 0.36 km 3 in order to produce the mass of SO 2 emitted during the 2010 eruption. This volume is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the erupted magma (DRE) volume. The transition between the contrasting eruptive styles in 2010 and 2006 is linked to changes in magmatic flux and changes in degassing style, with the explosive activity in 2010 driven by an influx of deep magma, which overwhelmed the shallower magma system and ascended rapidly, accompanied by closed-system degassing. AbstractThe 2010 eruption of Merapi (VEI 4) was the volcano's largest since 1872. In contrast to the prolonged and effusive dome-forming eruptions typical of Merapi's recent activity, the 2010 eruption began explosively, before a new dome was rapidly emplaced. This new dome was subsequently destroyed by explosions, generating pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), predominantly consisting of dark coloured, dense blocks of basaltic andesite dome lava. A shift towards open-vent conditions in the later stages of the eruption culminated in multiple explosions and the generation of PDCs with conspicuous grey scoria and white pumice Communicated by O. Müntener. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article

show abstract

“…Merapi volcano, in Central Java, is considered to be a relatively recent edifice and many studies have been published on its eruptive history (Bahar, 1984;del Marmol and Marsh, 1988;Berthommier, 1990;Andreastuti et al, 2000;Camus et al, 2000;Newhall et al, 2000;Gertisser and Keller, 2003;Gertisser et al, 2012). Merapi experienced several steps of cone construction and collapse; thus, the description of its geological and geomorphological history is complex with large gaps in the geologic record.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The eastern flank of the Merapi volcano (Central Java, Indonesia): Architecture and implications of volcaniclastic deposits

Selles

Deffontaines²,

Hendrayana

et al. 2015

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geological evolution of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia

Cited by 90 publications

References 35 publications

Transitions between explosive and effusive phases during the cataclysmic 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia

Transitions between explosive and effusive phases during the cataclysmic 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia

Pre- and syn-eruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of Merapi volcano, Indonesia

The eastern flank of the Merapi volcano (Central Java, Indonesia): Architecture and implications of volcaniclastic deposits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About