The Geologic Effects of Hurricane Donna in South Florida

Ball, Mahlon M.; Shinn, Eugene A.; Stockman, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1086/627283

Cited by 171 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…To date, chemical measurements of alkalinity, pH, and carbon isotopic data show no direct evidence of spontaneous (homogeneous) precipitation within whitings and a wide range of geochemical evidence suggests that whitings largely contain resuspended sediment (Broecker and Takahashi, 1966;Morse et al, 2003). However, a significant amount of carbonate precipitation, for example through precipitation onto suspended sediment or algal particles (Robbins and Blackwelder, 1992), must occur along the Banks to account for the vast amount of aragonite mud lost in the deep seafloor of the Atlantic from large storms (Ball et al, 1967;Shinn et al, 1993;Wilber et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation

2009

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Abstract.Regions of milky white seas or "whitings" periodically occur to the west of Andros Island along the Great Bahama Bank where the bottom sediment consists of finegrained aragonite mud. We present measurements of inherent optical properties within a sediment whiting patch and discuss the potential for monitoring the frequency, extent, and quantity of suspended matter from ocean colour satellite imagery. Sea spectral reflectance measured in situ and remotely from space revealed highly reflective waters elevated across the visible spectrum (i.e., "whitened") with a peak at 490 nm. Particulate backscattering was an order of magnitude higher than that measured at other stations throughout the region. The whiting also had one of the highest backscattering ratios measured in natural waters (0.05-0.06) consistent with water dominated by aragonite particles with a high index of refraction. Regular periodicity of 40 and 212 s evident in the light attenuation coefficient over the sampling period indicated patches of fluctuating turbidity on spatial scales that could be produced from regular rows of Langmuir cells penetrating the 5-m water column. We suggest that previously described mechanisms for sediment resuspension in whitings, such as tidal bursting and fish activity, are not fully consistent with these data and propose that wind-driven Langmuir cells reaching the full-depth of the water column may represent a plausible mechanism for sediment resuspension and subsequent whiting formation. Optics and remote sensing provide important tools for quantifying the linkages between physical and biogeochemical processes in these dynamic shallow water ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation

2009

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“…Both species experienced significant mortality from hurricanes and other severe storms in the past as they have recently (Glynn, Almodóvar, and González 1964;Ball, Shinn, and Stockman 1967;Hubbard 1988;Blanchon, Jones, and Kalbfleisch 1997). In fact, these studies and others have led to the opinion that hurricanes are a primary cause of present and past coral mortality, diversity, and distribution on Caribbean reefs (Connell 1978;Porter et al 1981;Rogers 1993a;Aronson and Precht 1995;Blanchon 1997;and many others).…”

Section: Hurricanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, these studies and others have led to the opinion that hurricanes are a primary cause of present and past coral mortality, diversity, and distribution on Caribbean reefs (Connell 1978;Porter et al 1981;Rogers 1993a;Aronson and Precht 1995;Blanchon 1997;and many others). Some areas, such as Costa Rica and Panama, receive virtually no hurricanes while others, including the Florida reef tract, suffer from regular hurricane damage (Ball, Shinn, and Stockman 1967;Perkins and Enos 1968;Neumann et al 1993;Treml, Colgan, and Keevican 1997). Although hurricanes have been important at some localities (e.g., Stoddart 1963;Woodley et al 1981;Graus, Macintyre, and 9.…”

Section: Hurricanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of hurricanes struck the Florida Keys between 1910 and 1948, decreasing significantly over the next 50 years. In 1960 and 1965, Hurricanes Donna and Betsy struck the upper Keys but caused substantial damage to only a few reefs (Ball, Shinn, and Stockman 1967;Perkins and Enos 1968). Recovery was rapid after Hurricanes Donna and Betsy, with little evidence of storm effects present after one year and total recovery within five and three years, respectively (Shinn 1976).…”

Section: Hurricanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present-day White Bank is a continuous sand shoal that is 40 km long and 1 to 2 km wide. White Bank is actively migrating in a landward direction due primarily to transport by storms (Ball, Shinn, and Stockman 1967;Enos 1977). Adjacent, patch reefs are often engulfed by these migrating sands.…”

Section: The Pleistocene Reef Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Shifts along the Florida Reef Tract: The Past as a Key to the Future

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Quantifying carbonate sediment mixing across a formational boundary, an example from the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone

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Holocene marine sediment from proto‐Florida Bay has been eroded, suspended, transported landward and has infiltrated downward (to 1 m depth) to fill secondary pores in subaerially exposed Late Pleistocene limestone. Sediment mineralogy (up to 95% aragonite), sediment texture (mostly needle‐like, <15 µm), and bulk sediment stable‐isotope values (upward trend in δ18O from −1 to −3‰ and δ13C from 3.5 to −2‰) of infill sediment is used to document inter‐stratal movement of sediment ahead of marine transgression. Nearby Florida Bay probably supplied needle‐like aragonite crystals by a storm surge mechanism that transported sediment landward and perhaps sorted the marine mud fraction. Currently, the core site is covered by freshwater microbial lime mud with a texture different than most infill sediment. That sediment crosses a formational and sequence boundary can have several implications: microfossil displacement; sedimentologic interpretation of mixed mud and sand‐size grains; porosity and permeability reduction; and associated diagenesis with perched ground water. If sediment infiltration is recognized in core and thin section, these mud‐filled pores can aid in recognition of subaerial exposure. Stratigraphically, the occurrence of marine sediments landward of the shoreline and below freshwater deposits may be interpreted as the result of a rapid rise and fall of sea level.

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The Geologic Effects of Hurricane Donna in South Florida

Cited by 171 publications

References 0 publications

Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation

Optics and remote sensing of Bahamian carbonate sediment whitings and potential relationship to wind-driven Langmuir circulation

Ecological Shifts along the Florida Reef Tract: The Past as a Key to the Future

Quantifying carbonate sediment mixing across a formational boundary, an example from the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone

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