Abstract:New Zealand's regions exhibit marked spatial variations in firm formation, with the urban areas being less entrepreneurial than the rest of the country, when the analysis controls for the varying sizes of regions. This empirical finding reflects differences in industry structures, with a greater presence of firm births in manufacturing industries and business services in more peripheral and less urbanised areas, especially on the South Island of New Zealand. Using the business demographic statistics (BDS) data… Show more
“…In general, successful regional innovation systems (Cooke, 2004;Doloreux et al, 2007) build on innovating enterprises (Sternberg & Arndt, 2001). In non-core regions, however, both the portion of innovating firms (Henderson, 2002;North & Smallbone, 2000aToedtling & Kaufmann, 2001) and their foundation rate (Stam, 2005;Tamasy & Le Heron, 2008) tend to be low. Hence, there is a broad interest in innovative "entrepreneurship in SMEs" as a first type of entrepreneurship.…”
Section: Different Types Of Entrepreneurship In Non-core Regionsmentioning
Regional policies across Europe aim at stimulating regional development in non-core regions through fostering entrepreneurship. However, the policies applied in non-core regions and the concepts of entrepreneurship these policies are based on differ. Therefore, the goal of this review is to identify different understandings of entrepreneurship and their role for regional development processes in European non-core regions. To this end, empirical studies investigating entrepreneurship in European non-core regions from 1999 to 2011 were analysed. The results of the analysis are presented along three drivers and outcomes of entrepreneurship identified inductively from the literature: innovation, social capital and institutional change. We made out seven different types of entrepreneurship in European non-core regions. These seven types of entrepreneurship comprise particular mechanisms through which they stimulate regional development. Further research should study the interplay between these different mechanisms of regional development in non-core regions which may induce a more territorial approach to understand entrepreneurship in non-core regions across Europe.
“…In general, successful regional innovation systems (Cooke, 2004;Doloreux et al, 2007) build on innovating enterprises (Sternberg & Arndt, 2001). In non-core regions, however, both the portion of innovating firms (Henderson, 2002;North & Smallbone, 2000aToedtling & Kaufmann, 2001) and their foundation rate (Stam, 2005;Tamasy & Le Heron, 2008) tend to be low. Hence, there is a broad interest in innovative "entrepreneurship in SMEs" as a first type of entrepreneurship.…”
Section: Different Types Of Entrepreneurship In Non-core Regionsmentioning
Regional policies across Europe aim at stimulating regional development in non-core regions through fostering entrepreneurship. However, the policies applied in non-core regions and the concepts of entrepreneurship these policies are based on differ. Therefore, the goal of this review is to identify different understandings of entrepreneurship and their role for regional development processes in European non-core regions. To this end, empirical studies investigating entrepreneurship in European non-core regions from 1999 to 2011 were analysed. The results of the analysis are presented along three drivers and outcomes of entrepreneurship identified inductively from the literature: innovation, social capital and institutional change. We made out seven different types of entrepreneurship in European non-core regions. These seven types of entrepreneurship comprise particular mechanisms through which they stimulate regional development. Further research should study the interplay between these different mechanisms of regional development in non-core regions which may induce a more territorial approach to understand entrepreneurship in non-core regions across Europe.
“…According to new economic geographical principles and work on regional variations in entrepreneurship, firm location in regions usually considers agglomeration effects, demand factors, and cost factors as the main determinants (Armington and Acs 2002;Cohen and Paul 2005;Crozet et al 2004;Guimaraes et al 2003;Kirchhoff et al 2007;Koo 2007;Reynolds et al 1995;Tamasy and Heron 2008). At a smaller scale, we may also take into account yet other determinants (such as taxes) (Rathelot and Sillard 2008).…”
Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning
“…Ashton-Hodgson, 2005;Kirkwood and Tootell, 2008;Tamasy and Le Heron, 2008). Perhaps a woman's partner has relocated for work or business opportunity, and this prompts the woman, formerly employed outside the home, to seek a copreneurial business start-up.…”
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AcknowledgementsThanks to my Senior Supervisor, Professor C. Michael Hall, whose perceptive, intelligent and above all, patient questions, and his determination to make sure that I didn't lose track of what was important, made this thesis much better than it otherwise would have been. Thanks also for your good humour and willingness to remain involved through times of slow progress. Your continued commitment is much appreciated. To Dr Lucie Ozanne, thank you for your valuable time and your constructive comments.
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