The geography of basal ice and its relationship to glaciohydraulic supercooling: Svínafellsjökull, southeast Iceland

Cook, Simon J.; Knight, Peter G.; Waller, Richard I.; Robinson, Zoë; Adam, William G.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.07.010

Cited by 32 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some of these characteristics are consistent with basal ice of the same origin at Svinafellsjbkull (Cook et al, 2007(Cook et al, , 2010. Supercool (subfacies C) basal ice at sites 1, 2, and 3 is characterised by a layered appearance (Figs.…”

Section: Supercool Sedimentssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Basal ice formed by supercooling, previously identified and mapped by Cook et al (2007Cook et al ( , 2010, was present at sites 1, 2, and 3 (Fig. 1\At all three sites, the ice was dominated by subfacies C (using the classification scheme of Cook et al, 2007Cook et al, , 2010, which can be classified as banded solid (BSo) basal cryofacies according to the scheme proposed by Hubbard et al (2009).…”

Section: Basal Ice Compositionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…1). Mapping and analyses of stratified basal ice fades in 2004and 2005(Cook et al, 2007, 2010) enabled investigation to be focused in areas where sediment supply to the ice-marginal environment was known to be dominated by melting of fades formed by regelation and tectonic thickening (subfacies A and B of Cook et al, 2007Cook et al, , 2010 and fades formed by glaciohydraulic supercooling (subfacies C and E). Three sites were investigated where basal ice and ice-marginal sediments were related to supercooling (sites 1, 2 and 3), and two sites were investigated where basal ice and ice-marginal sediments were related to regelation (sites 4 and 5) ( Fig.…”

Section: Field Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1\At all three sites, the ice was dominated by subfacies C (using the classification scheme of Cook et al, 2007Cook et al, , 2010, which can be classified as banded solid (BSo) basal cryofacies according to the scheme proposed by Hubbard et al (2009).…”

Section: Basal Ice Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentary signatures of basal ice formation and their preservation in ice-marginal sediments

et al. 2011

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Reconstruction of subglacial processes from sedimentological evidence is central to our understanding of glaciological conditions beneath former ice masses. At Svinafellsjbkull, southeast Iceland, we assess the extent to which two different processes of basal ice formation (regelation and glaciohydraulic supercooling) can be identified from ice-marginal sediments. Our results indicate that the sedimentary characteristics of deposits produced by these two processes can be distinguished from one another and that it may be possible to recognise evidence of these processes in Quaternary sediments and to reconstruct their spatial pervasiveness. Sediments derived from the melting of regelation basal ice have (i) a massive structure; (ii) a sediment matrix (0 to 100) dominated by coarse sand; and (iii) a higher proportion of angular clasts than supercool basal ice and associated sediments. Sediments derived from "supercool" basal ice (i) can be either massive or layered; (ii) tend to have a silt-dominated matrix; and (iii) contain a slightly higher proportion of rounded and well-rounded clasts than 1 regelation basal ice and sediments. Previous studies indicate that the dominance of silt within supercool basal ice may be unique to this process, and hence, supercooling should leave a readily recognisable signature in the sedimentary record. Our results from Svinafellsjbkull lend support to that idea, although we suggest that further work is required to assess whether silt dominance is a process signature diagnostic of supercooling, and in particular, the extent to which subglacial sediment supply determines the sedimentary character of basal ice fades and associated sediments.

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Section: Supercool Sedimentssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Basal Ice Compositionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Field Site and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basal Ice Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentary signatures of basal ice formation and their preservation in ice-marginal sediments

et al. 2011

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“…The more restricted pseudostratified outcrops are potentially the rare products of melt-out from supercooled glacier ice, a notable feature of the Icelandic south coast glacier lobes (Cook et al, 2010;Cook, Graham, Swift, Midgeley, & Adam, 2011;Cook, Knight, Richard, Robinson, & Adam, 2007;Cook, Swift, Graham, & Midgley, 2011;Roberts et al, 2002), but predominantly the diamictons display features that are diagnostic of a subglacial traction till genesis such as fissility, compaction and reasonably strong clast macrofabrics (Evans, 2000(Evans, , 2017Evans et al, submitted;Evans, Phillips, Hiemstra, & Auton, 2006;Jónsson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Till and Moraines And Associated Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skaftafellsjökull, Iceland: glacial geomorphology recording glacier recession since the Little Ice Age

2017

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Citation for published item:ivnsD hvid tF eF nd iwertowskiD wrek nd yrtonD ghris @PHIUA 9kftfellsj¤ okullD selnd X glil geomorphology reording glier reession sine the vittle se egeF9D tournl of mpsFD IQ @PAF ppF QSVEQTVF Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. A 1:5700 scale map of the recently deglaciated foreland of Skaftafellsjökull, Iceland as it appeared in 2007, depicts a typical active temperate glacial landsystem with a clear pattern of sequentially changing push moraine morphologies, including remarkable hairpin-shaped moraines, indicative of spatial and temporal variability in process-form regimes in glacier sub-marginal settings. Similar to other Icelandic glacier forelands, this demonstrates that the piedmont glacier lobes of the region have developed strong longitudinal crevassing and well-developed ice-marginal pecten during their historical recession from the Little Ice Age maximum moraines, likely driven by extending ice flow and poorly drained sub-marginal conditions typical of the uncovering of overdeepenings. Additionally, the localized development of a linear tract of kame and kettle topography is interpreted as the geomorphic and sedimentary signature of thrust stacked and gradually melting debris-rich glacier ice, a feature hitherto unrecognized in the Icelandic active temperate lobe landsystem signature. ARTICLE HISTORY

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2017

Till: A Glacial Process Sedimentology

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The geography of basal ice and its relationship to glaciohydraulic supercooling: Svínafellsjökull, southeast Iceland

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Sedimentary signatures of basal ice formation and their preservation in ice-marginal sediments

Sedimentary signatures of basal ice formation and their preservation in ice-marginal sediments

Skaftafellsjökull, Iceland: glacial geomorphology recording glacier recession since the Little Ice Age

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