The geographical distribution of Xiphinema and Longidorus nematodes in the British Isles and Ireland

Abstract

The distribution of Xiphinema and Longidorzrs species in the British Isles and Ireland were mapped by means of a computer programme from 5527 records. Longidorus caespiticola, L. elongatus, L. gooakyi and L. leptocephalus were found to be widespread among a wide range of vegetation types, particularly in grassland and arable crops; L. macrosomu and L. profundorum were recorded frequently in southern and central England, and L. attenuutus in East Anglia; L. vineacola was recorded once only in Eire. Paralongidorus maximus was recorded from two localities in eastern Scotland and one in southern England, on each occasion from intensively cultivated ground.Four species of Xiphinema were recorded but only X. diversicaudatum is widespread although apparently with a northerly limit in central Scotland; X . diversicaudatum was equally prevalent in arable crops, grassland and deciduous woodland; X . coxi and X . vuittenezi were recorded from a few scattered localities in England, and the few records for X . mediterranewn were all from Kent, south east England. All species were found in a wide range of soil types but mostly in light soils with a large sand fraction. Many of the species occurred together in mixed populations; L. caespiticola was most frequently associated with X . diverkdatum and with L. leptocephalus and L. elongatus. X . diversicaudatum also was commonly found with L. goodeyi. Viruses were transmitted in laboratory bait tests in only eighteen of 325 soil samples containing X . diverkaudatum and four of 265 containing L. elongatus.

Characterization of Longidorus caespiticola (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Czech Republic

“…L. caespiticola was originally described from Rothamsted, UK (Hooper, 1961). Later, this species was reported from other European countries Belgium, Bulgaria, France, German, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands and UK (Sturhan, 1963;Hoof, 1966;Taylor & Brown, 1976;De Waele & Coomans, 1990;Andres et al, 1991;Lišková & Brown, 1998;Širca & Urek, 2009;Peneva et al, 2012). In recent years it has become a standard to identify species on the basis of morphological and molecular data because combination of morphological and molecular methods is considered as a perspective approach in diagnostics of this nematode group.…”

The predicted impact of possible climatic change on virus-vector nematodes in Great Britain

“…Data recording the distribution of Longidoridae and Trichodoridae in Great Britain were initially obtained from the following sources: a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) -financed survey of the distribution of Longidoridae [Taylor and Brown, 1976]; a survey financed by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) of nematodes associated with forest and woodlands in Scotland [Boag, 1974]; sampling records from the Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI); records received from advisors from the Scottish Agricultural College, the Agricultural Development and Advisory centres in Scotland, England and Wales respectively and also those extracted from published papers and research reports and on occasions unpublished data from nematologists within the United Kingdom~…”

“…Whilst sampling did not encompass all 10 km squares nor was it regular, sufficient squares were sampled to determine the different geographic distribution patterns for the virus-vector nematode species that were studied. Longidorus elongatus was distributed throughout Great Britain [Taylor and Brown, 1976], whereas, both L. attenuatus and L. macrosoma were restricted to an area south of the Midlands. L. attenuatus was mainly confined to East Anglia (Fig.…”

“…L. attenuatus was mainly confined to East Anglia (Fig. 2a), while L. macrosoma was present in Wales, the Midlands and southern England [Taylor and Brown, 1976]. Xiphinema diversicaudatum was restricted to southern Scotland, England and Wales (Fig.…”

“…Baseline geographical distribution maps of virus-vector nematodes have been published on a 10 km grid for Great Britain [Taylor and Brown, 1976;Alphey and Taylor, 1986;Brown and Taylor, 1987]. However, detailed prediction of such changes are impeded by the lack of published information concerning threshold temperatures for embryogenesis and life-cycles of most species of plant nematode.…”