The geochemistry of phosphorus in different granite suites of the Western Carpathians, Slovakia: the role of apatite and P-bearing feldspar

Broska, Igor; Williams, C. T.; Uher, Pavel; Konečný, Petr; Leichmann, Jaromı́r

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.09.004

Cited by 78 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the Central Western Carpathians, as in most of the granite provinces in the world, apatite enrichment is a typical feature of I-type granites (Broska et al 2004;Sha and Chappell 1999). Consequently, the abundance of apatite might suggest an I-type affinity for the parent magma of the investigated apatite-rich granitoid rocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The petrogenesis of granitoid rocks unusually rich in apatite in the Western Tatra Mts. (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)

et al. 2013

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In the bottom part of the tongue-shaped, layered granitoid intrusion, exposed in the Western Tatra Mts., apatite-rich granitic rocks occur as pseudo-layers and pockets between I-type hybrid mafic precursors and homogeneous S-type felsic granitoids. The apatite-rich rocks are peraluminous (ASI01.12-1.61), with P 2 O 5 contents ranging from 0.05 to 3.41 wt.% (<7.5 vol.% apatite), shoshonitic to high-K calcalkaline. Apatite is present as long-prismatic zoned crystals (Ap 1 ) and as large xenomorphic unzoned crystals (Ap 2 ). Ap 1 apatite and biotite represent an early cumulate. Feldspar and Ap 2 textural relations may reflect the interaction of the crystal faces of both minerals and support a model based on local saturation of (P, Ca, F) versus (K, Na, Al, Si, Ba) in the border zones. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the apatite rocks and for pure apatite suggest apatite was a main REE carrier in these rocks. Minerals characteristics and the whole rock chemistry suggest both reduced S-type and I-type magma influenced the apatite-rich rocks. The field observations, mineral and rock chemistry as well as mass-balance calculations point out that the presence of apatite-rich rocks may be linked to the continuous mixing of felsic and mafic magmas, creating unique phosphorus-and aluminium-rich magma portions. Formation of these rocks was initially dominated by the complex flowagecontrolled and to some extent also gravity-driven separation of early-formed zoned minerals and, subsequently, by local saturation in the border zones of growing feldspar and apatite crystals. Slow diffusion in the phosphorus-rich magma pockets favoured the local saturation and simultaneous crystallization of apatite and feldspars in a crystal-ladden melt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6e) suggests an S-type affinity (Broska et al 2004). In addition, the negative Eu anomaly in the whole-rock chondritenormalized REE diagrams is indicative of an S-type, reduced, parental granitoid magma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The petrogenesis of granitoid rocks unusually rich in apatite in the Western Tatra Mts. (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)

et al. 2013

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“…% FeO and <0.5 wt. % MnO; Broska et al 2004). Consequently, the concentrations of Fe and Mn in Monazite has a relatively homogenous composition dominated by the LREE phosphate end-member and contains only subordinate amounts of the cheralite (Chr, Ca 0.5 Th 0.5 PO 4 ) and huttonite (Hut, ThSiO 4 ) components (X Chr ≤ 10 mol.…”

Section: Fluorapatitementioning

confidence: 99%

Quartz-apatite-REE phosphates-uraninite vein mineralization near Čučma (eastern Slovakia): a product of early Alpine hydrothermal activity in the Gemeric Superunit, Western Carpathians

Števko¹,

Uher²,

Ondrejka³

et al. 2014

Jour. Geosci.

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The quartz veins with primary fluorapatite, xenotime-(Y), monazite-(Ce) to monazite-(Nd), uraninite, and secondary florencite-(Ce) and goyazite occur in Lower Devonian metavolcano-sedimentary sequence of the Gelnica Group, Gemeric Superunit, the Central Western Carpathians (eastern Slovakia). They represent an example of hydrothermal REE-U mineralization. Fluorapatite forms parallel bands of columnar crystals (≤ 3 cm) in massive quartz. Monazite-(Ce) to (Nd) shows a near end-member composition with very small amounts of cheralite and huttonite components. Widespread xenotime-(Y) forms colloform aggregates or irregular aggregates in association with fluorapatite and monazite. Uraninite electron-microprobe U-Pb dating gave the average age of 207 ± 2 Ma (n = 16, 2σ), which is consistent with formation of the U mineralization in the Gemeric Superunit (e.g., Kurišková uranium deposit) during early Alpine hydrothermal activity.

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“…However, phosphorus is relatively immobile (Felitsyn and Kirianov, 2002) and has been used previously as a discriminator for A-type granites (Broska et al, 2004;Breiter, 2012). Despite little discussion in the literature (Taylor and Fallick, 1997;Bonin, 2007), low P 2 O 5 contents (<0.05 wt.%)…”

Section: What Granite Type Does the Bls Represent?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low P 2 O 5 contents in the melt means phosphate minerals (apatite, monazite, xenotime) cannot crystallise during early magma evolution resulting in increased U, Th, REE and Y contents with fractionation, another trait of A-type rocks (Breiter et al, 1991;Breiter, 2012). Broska et al (2004) …”

Section: What Granite Type Does the Bls Represent?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrological, geochemical and geochronological characterisation of heat-producing granites

Marshall¹

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Granitic magma generation has the ability to strongly differentiate the continental crust and concentrate elements such as the heat-producing elements (HPE) uranium (U), thorium (Th) and potassium (K). These elements can be enriched above average upper continental crustal values, and these granites are referred to as moderately (4-8 µW/m 3 ) or high (>8 µW/m 3 ) heat-producing granites (HHPGs); when overlain by insulating sedimentary cover these may be considered a target for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS).The composition of the source, and differentiation during magma ascent and emplacement, can influence the magmatic elemental budget, as can the accessory mineral assemblage, tectonic setting and history of regional magmatism. It is of importance to investigate whether there is a combination of these factors that promotes HPE enrichment and, if so, can these factors be used to provide a criteria for HHPGs prospective for future EGS development?To address the relative influence of factors on the ability to affect elemental enrichments three HHPG examples with an established history in EGS development studies were selected: the Big Lake Suite (BLS), South Australia; Cornwall, UK; and Soultz-sous-Forêts (Soultz), France. These sites represent the three most common granite types: A-, S-and I-type, respectively. Comparing their mineralogy, major and trace element abundances, and zircon geochemistry and associated U/Pb ages will inform the timing and controls on enrichment at each location. iii an enriched source. The emplacement ages for BLS samples range from 325 ± 2 Ma to 312 ± 2 Ma; this spread in ages implies continual granite emplacement over ~13 Myr. Some zircons dating to the time of emplacement record extreme U (>5000 ppm) and Th (4000 ppm) enrichments.Inherited zircon populations were also dated in European analogues: 363 ± 9 Ma, 408 ± 9 Ma and 420 ± 6 Ma (Cornwall) and 426 ± 14 Ma ages (Soultz) are associated with granite emplacement in a syn-collisional environment during closure of the Rheic Ocean. Although some inherited grains inCornwall record high Th contents (~800 ppm), extreme enrichments (>6000 ppm U) are analysed in some emplacement-aged grains. Th enrichment (~1600 ppm) is observed in emplacement-aged zircons in Soultz.Zircon locations in thin section were studied to address where these extreme enrichments could have developed. Zircons bordering mineral boundaries or adjacent to phenocrysts likely crystallised in differentiated chemical boundary layers, and elemental abundances in these regions would have been different to those of the pluton as a whole. Localised enrichment could explain the extreme enrichments present in some emplacement-aged zircons; the extreme levels of differentiation required to attain these enrichments -up to 99% -are not plausible on a pluton scale. Zircons armoured within earlier crystallising mafic silicates (e.g., biotite) would not have been exposed to these extreme enrichments, and this could account for the range of elemental abundances recorded in empl...

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The geochemistry of phosphorus in different granite suites of the Western Carpathians, Slovakia: the role of apatite and P-bearing feldspar

Cited by 78 publications

References 17 publications

The petrogenesis of granitoid rocks unusually rich in apatite in the Western Tatra Mts. (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)

The petrogenesis of granitoid rocks unusually rich in apatite in the Western Tatra Mts. (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)

Quartz-apatite-REE phosphates-uraninite vein mineralization near Čučma (eastern Slovakia): a product of early Alpine hydrothermal activity in the Gemeric Superunit, Western Carpathians

Petrological, geochemical and geochronological characterisation of heat-producing granites

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