The Geochemistry of Carbonate-Replacement Pb-Zn-Ag Mineralization in the Lavrion District, Attica, Greece: Fluid Inclusion, Stable Isotope, and Rare Earth Element Studies

Synkinematic skarns and fluid drainage along detachments: The West Cycladic Detachment System on Serifos Island (Cyclades, Greece) and its related mineralization

“…On the other hand, skarns similar to those studied here could represent the origin of the skarn xenoliths sampled by volcanoes such as Mount Vesuvius, associated with a carbonate-hosted magma chamber (Fulignati et al, 2001). (Voudouris et al, 2008;Bonsall et al, 2011), breccia-style mineralization (Economou and Sideris, 1976), skarn mineralization (Marinos and Petrascheck, 1956;Leleu et al, 1973;Economou et al, 1981) and finally economic Pb-Zn-Ag ore hosted in sparse veins or in strata-bound bodies within skarn-free replaced carbonate. In Lavrion area, the magmatism emplaced from 11 to 8 Ma (Skarpelis, 2007;Skarpelis et al, 2008;Liati et al, 2009), cooling ages yielding tectonic unroofing at 7.6…”

“…As in Elba, the Aegean skarns are famous for their rich and spectacular mineralogy. These are observed on the Greek mainland, at Lavrion (Skarpelis, 2007;Voudouris et al, 2008;Bonsall et al, 2011;Berger et al, 2013, Spry et al, 2014 and on the Cycladic islands of Santorini and Serifos (Skarpelis, 2002). Iron (and baryum) mineralization was mined at Serifos in the 19 th up to the beginning of the 20 th century.…”

“…Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies demonstrate that this mineralization is of "Manto-type" characterized by relatively hightemperature mineralizing solutions (>200°C) which derive from a magmatic source (i.e. the Plaka intrusion and associated dykes and sills) and interact with metamorphosed marine limestones through a high water/rock ratio (Berger et al, 2012;Bonsall et al, 2011;Voudouris et al, 2008;Skarpelis, 2007). As the result of the ductile/brittle evolution of the detachment, enhanced permeability allows magmatic fluids to flow far from the parent intrusion along the detachment.…”

Footwall mineralization during Late Miocene extension along the West Cycladic Detachment System, Lavrion, Greece

“…Fluid inclusion studies by Voudouris () on ore minerals yield formation temperatures between 250 and 360 °C. These temperatures place the deposit outside the accepted temperature range for MVT (Mississippi Valley Type) and SEDEX (sedimentary exhalative deposits) deposits, and classify the Lavrion district as a high‐temperature (> 200 °C) carbonate‐replacement deposit (Megaw et al ., ; Bonsall et al ., ; Kamona, ). The age of the deposit is broadly Miocene, but the only geochronology that has been conducted in the region includes U–Pb ages from the granodiorite and related intrusions and a few regional K–Ar and fission track cooling ages (e.g.…”

“…There are at least five types of sulphide mineralization present in the Lavrion district. Porphyry‐style mineralization (Voudouris et al ., ; Bonsall et al ., ), breccia‐style mineralization (Economou and Sideris, ), and skarn mineralization (Marinos and Petrascheck, ; Leleu et al ., ; Economou et al ., ) are spatially associated with the Plaka granodiorite that intrudes the crystalline marbles. Vein‐style Pb–Zn–Ag mineralization is locally present, whereas strata‐bound carbonate‐replacement Pb–Zn–Ag mineralization occurs in schists and marbles, along the contact between marble and granodiorite porphyry (Economou et al ., ), and in a crustal‐scale detachment fault (Skarpelis, ; Krohe et al ., ).…”