The Genus Siderocapsa (and Other Iron- and Manganese-Oxidizing Eubacteria)

Hanert, Hans H.

doi:10.1007/0-387-30747-8_50

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Aggregates of globular Fe‐oxyhydroxides are generally assumed to form by abiotic oxidation (Boyd & Scott, ), but the associated nest and tube features display morphological traits that may be linked to microbial activity. The fibrillar, rounded nests found in low abundance in the JMVF chimney (Figure g) resemble capsules formed by freshwater Fe oxidizers belonging to the Siderocapsa group (Hanert, ). Similar nests have also been detected in low‐temperature hydrothermal Fe deposits at the Loihi Seamount and ascribed to Fe‐oxidizing secondary colonizers (Chan, McAllister, et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

On the biogenicity of Fe‐oxyhydroxide filaments in silicified low‐temperature hydrothermal deposits: Implications for the identification of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in the rock record

et al. 2019

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Microaerophilic Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacteria produce biomineralized twisted and branched stalks, which are promising biosignatures of microbial Fe oxidation in ancient jaspers and iron formations. Extracellular Fe stalks retain their morphological characteristics under experimentally elevated temperatures, but the extent to which natural post‐depositional processes affect fossil integrity remains to be resolved. We examined siliceous Fe deposits from laminated mounds and chimney structures from an extinct part of the Jan Mayen Vent Fields on the Arctic Mid‐Ocean Ridge. Our aims were to determine how early seafloor diagenesis affects morphological and chemical signatures of Fe‐oxyhydroxide biomineralization and how extracellular stalks differ from abiogenic features. Optical and scanning electron microscopy in combination with focused ion beam‐transmission electron microscopy (FIB‐TEM) was used to study the filamentous textures and cross sections of individual stalks. Our results revealed directional, dendritic, and radial arrangements of biogenic twisted stalks and randomly organized networks of hollow tubes. Stalks were encrusted by concentric Fe‐oxyhydroxide laminae and silica casings. Element maps produced by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) in TEM showed variations in the content of Si, P, and S within filaments, demonstrating that successive hydrothermal fluid pulses mediate early diagenetic alteration and modify the chemical composition and surface features of stalks through Fe‐oxyhydroxide mineralization. The carbon content of the stalks was generally indistinguishable from background levels, suggesting that organic compounds were either scarce initially or lost due to percolating hydrothermal fluids. Dendrites and thicker abiotic filaments from a nearby chimney were composed of nanometer‐sized microcrystalline iron particles and silica and showed Fe growth bands indicative of inorganic precipitation. Our study suggests that the identification of fossil stalks and sheaths of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in hydrothermal paleoenvironments may not rely on the detection of organic carbon and demonstrates that abiogenic filaments differ from stalks and sheaths of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria with respect to width distribution, ultrastructure, and textural context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

On the biogenicity of Fe‐oxyhydroxide filaments in silicified low‐temperature hydrothermal deposits: Implications for the identification of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in the rock record

et al. 2019

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“…Many neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria are still poorly defined due to the lack of pure cultures and nonspecific morphologies, e.g., many species in the Siderocapsaceae family (22,23,43). A number of the sequences (1.73 to 26.5%) derived from the three red water libraries in the current study showed moderate similarity to both Sideroxydans strains and Gallionella sequences, suggesting that these sequences may be representative of novel circumneutral-pH, microaerobic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species within this particular water distribution system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bacterial Community Structure in a Drinking Water Distribution System during an Occurrence of Red Water

Zheng

Cao

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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The role of bacteria in the occasional emergence of red water, which has been documented worldwide, has yet to be determined. To better understand the mechanisms that drive occurrences of red water, the bacterial community composition and the relative abundance of several functional bacterial groups in a water distribution system of Beijing during a large-scale red water event were determined using several molecular methods. Individual clone libraries of the 16S rRNA gene were constructed for three red water samples and one sample of normal water. Beta-, Alpha-, and Gammaproteobacteria comprised the major bacterial communities in both red water and normal water samples, in agreement with previous reports. A high percentage of red water clones (25.2 to 57.1%) were affiliated with or closely related to a diverse array of iron-oxidizing bacteria, including the neutrophilic microaerobic genera Gallionella and Sideroxydans, the acidophilic species Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, and the anaerobic denitrifying Thermomonas bacteria. The genus Gallionella comprised 18.7 to 28.6% of all clones in the three red water libraries. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the 16S rRNA gene copy concentration of Gallionella spp. was between (4.1 ؎ 0.9) ؋ 10 7 (mean ؎ standard deviation) and (1.6 ؎ 0.3) ؋ 10 8 per liter in red water, accounting for 13.1% ؎ 2.9% to 17.2% ؎ 3.6% of the total Bacteria spp. in these samples. By comparison, the percentages of Gallionella spp. in the normal water samples were 0.1% or lower (below the limit of detection), suggesting an important role of Gallionella spp. in the formation of red water.On occasion, extensive precipitation of iron oxides in drinking water distribution systems manifests as red water at the tap and results in serious deterioration of water quality, with undesirable esthetic and health effects (18,40,46). The abundance of ferrous iron in source water or the acceleration of corrosion of iron pipelines after the loosening of chemical and microbial films from the interior surfaces of distribution systems might be the sources of iron oxides in red water. Switching of water sources has been observed to be associated with red water due to disruption of the delicate chemical equilibrium in water supply systems (18). High concentrations of anions, particularly sulfate ions, have been recognized as a causative agent of red water in many cases, reflected in high values on indices such as the Larson-Skold index (18,29). Other physicochemical factors, such as insufficient disinfection residue, extended hydraulic retention time, low levels of dissolved oxygen, high temperature, low alkalinity, and high chloride concentration, have also been implicated in the emergence of red water (18,46).In addition to physicochemical factors, microorganisms may also participate in the unique phenomenon of red water. Drinking water distribution systems are a unique niche for microorganisms, despite oligotrophic conditions and the presence of free or combined chlorine (3, 18). Phylogenetically div...

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“…Sample material collected aseptically with alcohol and flame sterilized spatulas from spring deposits in the 2006 field season was used to inoculate sulfide gradient tubes on return to the laboratory. Gradient tubes were assembled using iron sulfide plugs created by adding FeS precipitate prepared according to the method of (Hanert, 2006) in a 1:1 ratio with EM media (see below) and high melt agarose (1% wt/vol) in a flask. 1 mL aliquots of the autoclaved plug material were allowed to cool in 10 mL glass tubes and covered by 5 mL of a semi‐solid agar slush overlayer (0.15 wt/vol agarose) of an autoclaved, artificial seawater medium (EM) containing 27.5 g NaCl, 5.38 g MgCl 2 , 0.72 g KCl, 0.2 g NaHCO 3 , 1.4 g CaCl 2 , 1 g NH 4 Cl, and 0.05 g K 2 HPO 4 , dissolved above in 967 mL deionized H 2 O.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature S0 biomineralization at a supraglacial spring system in the Canadian High Arctic

et al. 2011

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Elemental sulfur (S(0) ) is deposited each summer onto surface ice at Borup Fiord pass on Ellesmere Island, Canada, when high concentrations of aqueous H(2) S are discharged from a supraglacial spring system. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries generated from sulfur deposits were dominated by β-Proteobacteria, particularly Ralstonia sp. Sulfur-cycling micro-organisms such as Thiomicrospira sp., and ε-Proteobacteria such as Sulfuricurvales and Sulfurovumales spp. were also abundant. Concurrent cultivation experiments isolated psychrophilic, sulfide-oxidizing consortia, which produce S(0) in opposing gradients of Na(2) S and oxygen. 16S rRNA gene analyses of sulfur precipitated in gradient tubes show stable sulfur-biomineralizing consortia dominated by Marinobacter sp. in association with Shewanella, Loktanella, Rubrobacter, Flavobacterium, and Sphingomonas spp. Organisms closely related to cultivars appear in environmental 16S rRNA clone libraries; none currently known to oxidize sulfide. Once consortia were simplified to Marinobacter and Flavobacteria spp. through dilution-to-extinction and agar removal, sulfur biomineralization continued. Shewanella, Loktanella, Sphingomonas, and Devosia spp. were also isolated on heterotrophic media, but none produced S(0) alone when reintroduced to Na(2) S gradient tubes. Tubes inoculated with a Marinobacter and Shewanella spp. co-culture did show sulfur biomineralization, suggesting that Marinobacter may be the key sulfide oxidizer in laboratory experiments. Light, florescence and scanning electron microscopy of mineral aggregates produced in Marinobacter experiments revealed abundant cells, with filaments and sheaths variably mineralized with extracellular submicron sulfur grains; similar biomineralization was not observed in abiotic controls. Detailed characterization of mineral products associated with low temperature microbial sulfur-cycling may provide biosignatures relevant to future exploration of Europa and Mars.

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The Genus Siderocapsa (and Other Iron- and Manganese-Oxidizing Eubacteria)

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

On the biogenicity of Fe‐oxyhydroxide filaments in silicified low‐temperature hydrothermal deposits: Implications for the identification of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in the rock record

On the biogenicity of Fe‐oxyhydroxide filaments in silicified low‐temperature hydrothermal deposits: Implications for the identification of Fe‐oxidizing bacteria in the rock record

Characterization of Bacterial Community Structure in a Drinking Water Distribution System during an Occurrence of Red Water

Low temperature S0 biomineralization at a supraglacial spring system in the Canadian High Arctic

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