The genus Rhodococcus

Bell, KF; Philp, Jim; Aw, D. W. J.; Christofi, N.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00525.x

Cited by 326 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Whereas different bacterial species could be isolated using TDP or DTDP as the sole carbon source, the degradation of DTDB seems to be restricted to strains of R. erythropolis alone. Rhodococci are widespread in natural habitats, and the members of this genus are known for their broad catabolic diversity and unique catabolic capabilities (Bell et al, 1998). R. erythropolis cells contain a large set of enzymes, which allow the cells to perform enzyme-catalysed reactions such as oxidations, dehydrogenations, epoxidations, hydrolysis, hydroxylations and dehalogenations (de Carvalho et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of the xenobiotic organic disulphide 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain MI2 and comparison with the microbial utilization of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid

et al. 2010

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Application of the non-toxic 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid (TDP) and 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDP) as precursors for the microbial production of polythioesters (PTEs), a class of biologically persistent biopolymers containing sulphur in the backbone, was successfully established previously. However, synthesis of PTEs containing 4-mercaptobutyrate (4MB) as building blocks could not be achieved. The very harmful 4MB is not used as a PTE precursor or as the carbon source for growth by any known strain. As a promising alternative, the harmless oxidized disulfide of two molecules of 4MB, 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid (DTDB), was employed for enrichments of bacterial strains capable of biodegradation. Investigation of novel precursor substrates for PTEs and comparison of respective strains growing on TDP, DTDP and DTDB as sole carbon source was accomplished. A broad variety of bacteria capable of using one of these organic sulphur compounds were isolated and compared. TDP and DTDP were degraded by several strains belonging to different genera, whereas all DTDB-utilizing strains were affiliated to the species Rhodococcus erythropolis. Transposon mutagenesis of R. erythropolis strain MI2 and screening of 7500 resulting mutants yielded three mutants exhibiting impaired growth on DTDB. Physiological studies revealed production of volatile hydrogen sulphide and accumulation of significant amounts of 4MB, 4-oxo-4-sulphanylbutanoic acid and succinic acid in the culture supernatants. Based on this knowledge, a putative pathway for degradation of DTDB was proposed: DTDB could be cleaved into two molecules of 4MB, followed by an oxidation yielding 4-oxo-4-sulphanylbutanoic acid. A putative desulphydrase probably catalyses the abstraction of sulphur, thereby generating succinic acid and hydrogen sulphide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of the xenobiotic organic disulphide 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain MI2 and comparison with the microbial utilization of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid

et al. 2010

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“…The Rhodococcus bacteria exhibit a wide variety of metabolic activities 1,2) . Some of them have the ability to degrade a diverse range of organic compounds, including man-made xenobiotics such as polychlorinated biphenyls, 3) whereas others are capable of degrading numerous aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Moisture-Absorbing Extracellular Polysaccharide from Rhodococcus rhodochrous SM-1.

et al. 2002

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An extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) prepared from SM-1, a mucoidal mutant of Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 12674 was found to absorb and retain moisture in both dry and high-temperature environments. The EPS absorbed more than 120% and 17% of its weight in moisture under the conditions of 32% and 11% relative humidity, respectively, representing much higher absorption than that of known moisture absorbents such as silica gel, glycerol, and hyaluronic acid. The SM-1 EPS is an acidic polysaccharide containing D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, and D-glucuronic acid at a molar ratio of 6: 3: 2: 4. In addition, 1.2% (W/W) stearic acid, 2.3% (W/W) palmitic acid, and 10.3% (W/W) pyruvic acid were also contained in the SM-1 EPS. These evidences indicate that the SM-1 EPS is a novel moistureabsorbing biopolymer.

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“…The genus Rhodococcus is a phylogenetic group of nonspore-forming, aerobic, mycolate-containing Gram-positive bacteria that belong to the nocardioform actinomycetes (Bell et al, 1998;Goodfellow et al, 1998). They are widely spread throughout diverse environments, including soil and water; they are metabolically diverse and have the ability to degrade a wide range of xenobiotic and plantderived molecules, playing a vital role in the turnover of organic matter in biogeochemical cycles (Goodfellow & Williams, 1983;Larkin et al, 2005;Martinkova et al, 2009;Warhurst & Fewson, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of specialized aerial architectures by Rhodococcus during utilization of vaporized p-cresol

et al. 2009

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When grown with vaporized alkylphenols such as p-cresol as the sole carbon and energy source, several isolated Rhodococcus strains formed growth structures like miniature mushrooms, termed here specialized aerial architectures (SAA), that reached sizes of up to 0.8 mm in height. Microscopic examination allowed us to view the distinct developmental stages during the formation of SAA from a selected strain, Rhodococcus sp. KL96. Initially, mounds consisting of long rod cells arose from a lawn of cells, and then highly branched structures were formed from the mounds. During the secondary stage of development, branching began after long rod cells grew outward and twisted longitudinally, serving as growth points, and the cells at the base of the mound became short rods that supported upward growth. Cells in the highly fluffy structures were eventually converted, via reductive division, into structures that resembled cocci, with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, that were arranged in chains. Most cells inside the SAA underwent a phase variation in order to form wrinkled colonies from cells that originally formed smooth colonies. Approximately 2 months was needed for complete development of the SAA, and viable cells were recovered from SAA that were incubated for more than a year. An extracellular polymeric matrix layer and lipid bodies appeared to play an important role in structural integrity and as a metabolic energy source, respectively. To our knowledge, similar formation of aerial structures for the purpose of substrate utilization has not been reported previously for Grampositive bacteria.

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The genus Rhodococcus

Cited by 326 publications

References 179 publications

Biodegradation of the xenobiotic organic disulphide 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain MI2 and comparison with the microbial utilization of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid

Biodegradation of the xenobiotic organic disulphide 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain MI2 and comparison with the microbial utilization of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid

A Novel Moisture-Absorbing Extracellular Polysaccharide from Rhodococcus rhodochrous SM-1.

Formation of specialized aerial architectures by Rhodococcus during utilization of vaporized p-cresol

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