The genus Kali Lloyd (Chiasmodontidae: Teleostei) with description of new two species, and the revalidation of K. kerberti Weber

Abstract

Kali Lloyd is a very distinctive group of bathypelagic fishes with fragile bones in the cranium and recurved teeth, which are remarkably enlarged in some species. The genus has a worldwide distribution, being found in the subtropical to equatorial regions of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific; one species is also found in the Southern Ocean. In this taxonomic revision, seven species are considered valid, two of them described herein: K. indica; K. kerberti; K. macrodon; K. macrurus; K. parri; K. colubrina, new species; and K. falx, new species. Kali kerberti is re-evaluated as valid and the senior synonym of K. normani. A key for the species with updated maps of distribution are also given.

A review of the genus Dysalotus (Percomorphacea: Chiasmodontidae), with the description of Dysalotus pouliulii sp. nov.

“…Dysalotus and Kali are the two bathypelagic genera of the family Chiasmodontidae, which also includes the mesopelagic genera Chiasmodon and Pseudoscopelus (Melo, , , ). The three species of Dysalotus are more frequently found at depths from 1000 to 2500 m. Juveniles of D .…”

“…The distribution of species of Dysalotus is similar to those of Kali , with the exception of the presence of Kali indica Lloyd 1909 in the Southern Ocean and Bering Sea where no species of Dysalotus has ever been collected (Yabe & Cohen, ; Melo, ). Moreover, while the species of Pseudoscopelus and Chiasmodon can be separated into groups with disjunct distributions, species of Dysalotus and Kali have wide ranges and may occur sympatrically.…”

“…Morphometric and meristic data were obtained following the protocols described by Melo et al () and Melo (). Meristic counts, presented in the text, are followed by their frequencies in parentheses.…”

“…Dysalotus MacGilchrist 1905 is a very distinctive member of the deep‐sea fish family Chiasmodontidae and can be easily recognized within the family by the presence of enlarged, conspicuous prickles on the posterior half of the body, a ventral chin knob at the symphysis of the dentaries and a supramaxilla (Johnson & Cohen, ; Melo, , , ). The genus Dysalotus was erected by MacGilchrist () to accommodate Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist 1905.…”

“…The genus Dysalotus was erected by MacGilchrist () to accommodate Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist 1905. Later, Norman () described Dysalotus macrodon , but it was subsequently placed in the genus Kali Lloyd 1909 (Smith, ; Johnson, ; Melo, ). Johnson & Cohen (), mostly using material collected by the German R.V.…”